COVID: Going Down With Polio

 

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COVID-19 vaccinees are going down with polio (tranverse myelitis, Guillain-Barre, AFP paralysis, etc) and its primary form of encephalitis which makes “polio forever” relevant once again. https://www.polioforever.wordpress.com

Today I can say this is the start of polioforever’s last chapter and it all comes down to the simplicity of viral forms –call it Shape Matters Two: The essence of biological currency and the universal foundation of ‘recognition’ from our immune systems and among all creatures. Viruses as we ‘see’ them have three shapes, like primary colors — spheres, rods, and the combined sphere-rod. Everything else is dressing.

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The primitive nanotechnology of the 20^th century called Virology has come of age with Three Master Keys to the Kingdom: bacteriophage (sphere-rod), poliovirus (sphere) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (rod). Unmasking the keys and dressing them down will tell the story of viruses in our time, from tobacco mosaic virus to coronavirus, or what some of you know from me as “TMV to CoV”. Breaking down and rearranging these biological master keys for useful purposes was called “metabiology” by Jonas Salk, who coined the term and brought the OPV polio vaccine to fruition as we entered the ‘peak fallout’ period of atmospheric nuclear testing. Polio is caused by radiation and chemical toxins.

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Bacteriophage*

 

poliovirus sphere*                                                                                                                                 icosahedron

 

 

*tobacco mosaic virus rod*

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Poliovirus by other names and other species:

Tobacco Bushy Stunt Virus* TBSV*

                                                                                    TBSV*

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Poliovirus electron micrograph

Aggregation of poliovirus*

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………………………………………………………….BMV = Brome Mosaic Virus………………….TBSV = Tobacco Bushy Stunr Virus…………….TYMV=Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus

 

 

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Cowpea Mosaic Virus*                                                                                          icosahedron, showing pattern of regular pentamer  subunits.

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…transitional forms*

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Human Rhinovirus*

Rhinovirus infections are the chief cause of the common cold. Thrive in the lower temperature of the nose (33oC) They are transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects. Figure 15.02: A Rhinovirus. Human rhinovirus 16: Picornaviridae; Rhinovirus; Human rhinovirus A; strain (NA). Hadfield, A.T., Lee, W.M., Zhao, R., Oliveira, M.A., Minor, I., Rueckert, R.R. and Rossmann, M.G. (1997). The refined structure of human rhinovirus 16 at 2.15 A resolution:

 

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Norwalk virus*

Cucumber Mosaic Virus,’negative’ image of Norwalk*

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Look again at poliovirus*

 

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carbon*

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If you’re uncertain about what you’re really looking at with the virus images (re: the same thing), see the previous posts: ‘Virus: Shape Matters’ and ‘The Nanoflower Shop’ for clarity. After this, a storyline begins about poliovirus and tobacco mosaic virus investigated by a group of researchers who gathered around Rosalind Franklin and J.D. Bernal at Birkbeck College London.  In 1958, this group made two virus models for the Brussels World Exhibition; poliovirus and tobacco mosaic, the subjects of their study.

1958 World’s Fair poliovirus model*

1958 World’s Fair TMV* displayed at Int’l Science Building, Brussels*

 

 

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The Virus Structure Research Group at Birkbeck College London, under the direction of J.D. Bernal, a communist and transhumanist since the 1920s, included Rosalind Franklin, Aaron Klug, John Finch, Kenneth Holmes and several others; Nobel Laureate Francis Crick, Americans Don Caspar and, by extension, Barry Commoner, the Fraenkel-Conrats, and more. The Birkbeck researchers focused on polivirus and TMV. Crick told the group that ‘any child could make a virus’. In 1958 Crick was invited to become a lifetime staff scientist at the Salk Institute of Biological Studies, then forming in La Jolla near San Diego. His ‘group’ at Birkbeck deferred to him often. Aaron Klug took over leadership of the group after Rosalind Franklin died of ovarian cancer in ‘58 and Crick accepted his honors and appointments in the U.S.

Klug wrote to Crick on Feb.13, 1959:

“Dear Francis,

… I feel it is now appropriate to draw attention to the occurrence of icosahedral symmetry in 5 viruses (although I haven’t mentioned Bea’s result on SBMV). I am now trying to see whether it is possible to classify the ways in which a large virus like Tipula IV might be built up out of subunits, a problem you suggested some time ago. It seems to me that one must start off with…a small virus and then try to make a ‘crystal’ of it, by adding more subunits to try to achieve close packing. In this way…one can arrive at 3 families of icosahedra, namely : truncated icosahedron, small rhomb-icosadodecahedron and snub dodecahedron.”

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https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584582X213-doc

“Bea’s SBMV” refers to Beatrice A. Singer, the wife of TMV expert Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, who worked at the University of California Berkeley ‘Rad Lab’ –the famed ‘Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’ (LBNL, and its affiliate Lawrence Livermore) founded by Ernest O. Lawrence. Singer and her husband were jointly working on Tobacco Mosaic Virus mutants and sharing their samples and knowledge.

“Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV) .  The virus of our story is Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), a humble RNA-containing plant virus that infects bean plants in the South of the United States. Neither SMBV nor its relative TBSV were ever as famous as the animal viruses that are fashionable today as human pathogens (for instance, AIDS virus or common cold -rhino virus-). Small…plant viruses like them were easy to obtain…[and] easy to crystallize and consequently they were the objects of a concerted effort to obtain their atomic structure by X-ray diffraction methods with conventional in-house X-ray sources. Viruses had to be constructed from a few identical subunits. [We call them “virus-like particles”, or VLPs, today—JL]. The icosahedral symmetry of small spherical viruses had been proposed by Watson and Crick in the early fifties[1]… they predicted that the virus envelopes would be highly symmetrical, and most likely icosahedral, containing at least twenty copies of the coat protein in the shell, or capsid.  The detailed arrangement of the proteins in the capsid on the surface, and a preliminary classification of icosahedral viruses was presented by Caspar and Klug in their classic 1962 paper [2].”

https://crystaledges.org/the-ballad-of-the-2-8-angstroms-structure-of-sbmv/

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Southern Bean Mosaic (SBMV)*

 

 

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…”Electron micrographs showing details of the internal structure of plant virus crystals are presented to demonstrate the values of the procedure. Crystals of purified tobacco ringspot virus and squash mosaic virus and some portions of turnip yellow mosaic virus crystals have been shown to exhibit hexagonal packing…”

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13416310/

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At Birkbeck lab, Franklin’s graduate student assistant John Finch’s “second PhD project involved crystals of poliovirus, which were given to Rosalind in 1957 by Drs Schaffer and Schwerdt from Berkeley… The study showed that poliovirus was rather similar to the small, spherical plant viruses also being worked on then, but the analysis was not taken any further.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0028

 

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*Rosalind Franklin (b1920—d1958) became posthumously famous for failing to be included in the Nobel Prize given to Crick, Watson and Wilkins for discovering the structure of DNA, presumably learned from her crystallography images of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):

“Although best known for being the British physical chemist whose crucial experimental data enabled James Watson and Frances Crick to solve the structure of DNA as early as 1953, she received no gracious mention from either of them during their Nobel Prize speeches. Indeed, until 1968 when Watson wrote The Double Helix, she had only received vague credit for stimulating their work rather than specific credit for contributing to their original proposal.” https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/franklin-rosalind

 

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“Tobacco mosaic virus, which causes tobacco leaves to curl and discolor in patches (hence “mosaic”) had been a model for virus studies since the 1880s; it was a simple, stable, and highly infectious organism. Understanding the structure of viruses was the first step in learning how they caused disease. By 1950 it was known that viruses consisted of protein and DNA or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Bernal and Fankuchen had found that TMV was composed of identical protein subunits. James Watson, during his hiatus from DNA modeling in 1952, worked briefly with TMV and established that the protein subunits were arranged in a spiral. Franklin’s challenge was to find out whether the RNA was in the middle of the spiral, like a candle wick, or embedded in the proteins. She was aided in this work by Aaron Klug, then a postdoctoral fellow in theoretical physics and chemistry, and two research assistants, Kenneth Holmes and John Finch. For a time, the team also included Donald Caspar, an American biophysicist. When her Turner and Newall fellowship ended in 1954, Birkbeck arranged three years of support from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for Franklin’s team…

“…1954 also marked Franklin’s first visit to the United States. Invited to the Gordon Conference to give a paper on coal chemistry that summer, she also scraped together funding for visits to virus researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole (where her visit coincided with the 1954 hurricane), Washington University in St. Louis, the University of California in Berkeley, and California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, among others. She made new contacts and renewed older ones, building a network of colleagues whose work complemented and informed her own. She returned home with virus samples and promises of collaboration from leading American scientists such as Wendell Stanley and Barry Commoner…

“[By] the summer of 1956, she was at the top of her profession. She had assembled a fine research team, and their work produced a steady stream of publications. She had established a wide network of research contacts and collaborators, and was invited to meetings everywhere. (Wendell Stanley would later call her “an international courier of good will and scientific information.”) And though she struggled with the ARC over funding (they disapproved of her working on “second hand material” from other labs, among other things) there was a good chance that a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health would provide alternative funding. While in America she was honored with a request from the Royal Institution for models of helical and spherical viruses, for an exhibit in the International Science Hall of the 1958 Brussels World Fair. (The five foot tall models–modified from early versions constructed from ping pong balls and plastic bicycle handlebar grips–were well received.)

…. “Work continued on plant viruses–the team prepared over a dozen papers for publication in 1956-57–and Franklin had also started planning a project examining polio virus. She applied for and received a three year research grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, ensuring the survival of her research group. In March 1958, the cancer advanced again, and Franklin returned to the hospital. She died on April 16, not quite 38 years old.

“In the obituaries he wrote for the Times and Nature, J. D. Bernal praised her beautifully executed researches, carried out with apparently effortless skill, and her gift for organizing research projects. He noted, “As a scientist Miss Franklin was distinguished by extreme clarity and perfection in everything she undertook. Her photographs are among the most beautiful x-ray photographs of any substance ever taken.” Her life, he concluded, was a perfect example of single-minded devotion to research.”

https://rmp.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/kr/feature/viruses

 

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“The nature of the three-dimensional architecture of viruses and the assembly of viral subunits and nucleic acids have been among the central issues in virology over the past fifty years. Sir Aaron Klug (Medical Research Council Laboratory, Cambridge, UK), President of the Royal Society of London, offered his own historical perspective on the resolution of TMV architecture and its implications for virus self-assembly. Klug began working with R. Franklin in 1954, just two years before the first big picture of TMV quaternary structure emerged (Franklin et al., 1956). This picture was based largely on the high-quality x-ray photographs Franklin obtained from her samples of repolymerized, nucleic acid–free TMV particles (Franklin, 1955). Franklin thus confirmed J.D. Watson’s deduction that the rod-shaped virus was helical (Watson, 1954), but she also provided evidence that the helix was hollow rather than solid and that TMV RNA was embedded in the protein helix (Caspar, 1956; Franklin, 1956). Experimental evidence from these studies on TMV provided the basis for F.C. Crick and Watson’s contention that all viruses must be built up symmetrically from identical protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid (Crick and Watson, 1956). The elegant simplicity of this observation prompted the witticism, attributed to Crick, that “Any child could make a virus.” In listening to the participants at the Edinburgh symposium, one could not help but note that TMV research has been a serious playground (pace Max Delbrück) for some of the most formidable structural biologists of the twentieth century.”

http://www.plantcell.org/content/11/3/301

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………………………………………………………………………………………………..West Nile Virus*

The Nanoflower Shop

 

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*These ‘nanoflowers’ were made in a liquid beaker from two chemicals on a small copper plate. Their creator, Wim Noorduin, works in nanomaterials engineering at Harvard in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg and is featured in this Creators Project video. https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=35898.php

 

 

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Nanoflowers  more typically look like this (below)

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“A simple method is reported here for fabricating hybrid organic–inorganic nanoflowers using copper (II) ions as the inorganic component and natural amino acids as the organic component. The results indicate that the interactions between amino acid and copper ions cause the growth of the nanoflowers composed by C, N, Cu, P and O elements. The Cu ions and Cu(AA)_n complexes containing Cu-O bond are present in the nanoflowers. The nanoflowers have flower-like porous structure dominated by the R groups of amino acids with high surface-to-volume ratios, which is beneficial for exerting its peroxidase-like activity depending on Fenton-like reaction mechanism with ABTS and Rhodamine B as the substrates. It is expected that the nanoflowers hold great promise as enzyme mimics for application in the field of biosensor, bioanalysis and biocatalysis.”

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772475/

The graphic image above looks like this ‘real’ micrograph of HIV-1

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And sometimes the display is obvious  HIV-1

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Growing nanoflowers, it appears, is the key to replicating complex viral shapes and surface structures.

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Materials scientists are investigating how to mimic the biological processes that create nanomaterials with desired structures. For example, lipids (a), proteins (b) and sugar-based compounds (c) can self-assemble into an array of shapes and configurations. https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news2/newsid=52069.php * Illustration of techniques used for surface modification of different types of viruses. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/llustration-of-techniques-used-for-surface-modification-of-different-types-of-viruses_fig1_324829916 * *            ************************************************************************************************

Virus: Shape Matters

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Structurally observed, researchers say they cannot tell the difference between influenza and coronaviruses.

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Coronavirus (left) and Influenza virus (right), above

coronavirus*                                                                                                           labeled as a Covid-19 micrograph from China

and influenza*showing ‘rods and spheres’ (below)

It might surprise you to see both rods and spheres in an influenza micrograph, but the phenomenon appears common.

H7N9 (avian) influenza*

H5N1 (avian) influenza*

Matrix of H5N1*

 

Shape matters

“In his penetrating essays, scientist-author Lewis Thomas, discussing parasitism and symbiosis, described the forces that would drive all living matter into one huge ball of protoplasm were it not for recognition mechanisms that kept self and nonself apart. The origins of these recognition mechanisms go far back in evolutionary history, and many in fact, originated as markers for allowing cells to recognize each other to set up symbiotic households. Genetically related sponge colonies that are placed close to each other, for example, will tend to grow toward each other and fuse into one large colony. Unrelated colonies, however, will react in a different way, destroying cells that come in contact and leaving a rejection zone between the colonies. In the plant kingdom, similar types of recognition occur… The nature of these primitive recognition mechanisms has not been completely worked out, but almost certainly involves cell surface molecules that are able to specifically bind and adhere to other molecules on opposing cell surfaces. This simple method of molecular recognition has evolved over time into the very complex system of the immune response, which however, still retains as its essential feature the ability of a protein molecule to recognize and bind specifically to a particular shaped structure on another molecule. Such molecular recognition is the underlying principle involved in the discrimination between self and nonself by the immune response.” –p2, introduction, Immunology, a Short Course (fourth edition, 2000)by E.Benjamini, R.Coico, and G.Sunshine

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Coronavirus comparisons to structurally identical viruses, both shape and surface spikes, has a few more surprises. And somewhere out there, if I can find it for my post, must be a corona “rod”.

It may look like this*   The small purple spheres are labeled “coronavirus” and the strange ’caterpillars’ are not labeled at all, shown growing on a Vero (African Green monkey) cell. Could those be “coronavirus” rods?

The rods above, by their shape, look like dead ringers for Marburg virus –the hemorrhagic fever called Marburg emerged in August of 1967 among pharmaceutical lab workers in Germany. The virus turned out to be traced to three shipments of African Green monkeys sent from Uganda. Laurie Garrett (our ‘Cassandra of Covid’) wrote about its emergence in The Coming Plague:

(p53) ”In August 1967 three factory workers in Marburg Germany reported in sick, suffering from muscle aches and mild fevers. The three men were employed at Behringwerke AG, the vaccine-producing subsidiary of pharmaceutical giant Hoechst, and though their ailments looked like nothing more than the flu, it was quite unusual for influenza to appear during Germany’s hot summer months. The men were referred to the Marburg University Hospital. The following day the three men became nauseated, their spleens enlarged and were tender to the touch, and their eyes became increasingly bloodshot…  Day by day more workers from the pharmaceutical plant fell ill… By September, twenty-three patients lay in agony in the Marburg University Hospital wards. Some fifty miles away in Frankfurt, six more individuals contracted the same mysterious disease at the German government’s Paul Ehrlich Institute. Four were also workers employed in pharmaceutical research… (p54) At the same time a third outbreak occurred in Belgrade Yugoslavia, involving a veterinarian and his wife. The thirty-one cases struck terror in European research circles….  (p55) By December of 1967 seven of the patients had died. Most succumbed within sixteen days of their first symptoms…  All of the original cases in Germany and Yugoslavia involved men who worked with monkeys. Furthermore, investigators discovered, each of the men had handled animals, or the tissue of animals, from the East African nation of Uganda.  The investigation narrowed when it was learned the monkeys were all of the same species: Cercopithecus aethiops, a type of vervet monkey common throughout Africa…[and] that all the monkeys came from three shipments of wild animals transported from Uganda to Belgrade, then on to Marburg and Frankfurt. When the first shipment of animals arrived in Belgrade, 49 of 99 monkeys were dead… The veterinarian’s autopsies of the dead monkeys revealed that the animals also had suffered massive hemorrhages…  (p56) Microscopic studies revealed that the Marburg virus could be found in two different forms. The first looked like a caterpillar, its long, thin, tubular shape coated with ‘fuzz’. Inside the tube was RNA (ribonucleic acid), the genetic blueprint of the virus. The ‘fuzz’ along the outside of the virus’s protein tube was a constellation of extruding protein receptors the virus used to gain entry into target cells. In its more mature and dangerous form, the viral tube was rolled up into a tight round coil…”  [end excerpt]

This illustrated coronavirus looks like what ‘mature’ Marburg sounds like.

CoV*                                                                RNA “rolled up into a tight round coil”, shaped like  Marburg’s secondary form, spikes and all.

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Here’s another hemorrhagic fever virus shape-and-spike ringer for CoV and influenza

 

Lassa fever virus*,                                                           ‘emerged’ in January 1969 Nigeria among American hospital missionaries, sixteen months after Marburg.

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Readers of John M. Barry’s The Great Influenza will remember descriptions of the dying as suffering the  swift and horrible symptoms of hemorrhagic fever—worse than descriptions of Marburg and Lassa in other popular books.  Within 24 hours to 3 days, worst-case victims with maddening pain suffocated without oxygen, their flesh turning blue, black and bloody, and died drowning in their own blood. The 1918 Spanish Flu, for want of a name, never returned and a causal microbe was never found, but no other descriptions fit this ‘flu’ than what we associate today with Ebola when it emerged in Africa in July of 1976.

Ebola looks like Marburg.

Ebola graphic*

Ebola*

 

*I’m going to suggest that Ebola picture ‘A’ above is a pencil drawing of Tobacco Rattle Virus (below) and possibly Tobacco Mosaic Virus and further suggest that these plant viruses were “humanized” into the pathogenic entities on this post: all of them –coronavirus, influenza, Marburg, Lassa, and Ebola.

TRV*

 

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Ebola-TMV hybrid looks identical to Tobacco Rattle Virus in image ‘c’ provider of EBOV-TMV hybrid:

 Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy.

Wen AM¹,

Steinmetz NF²

https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc5068136

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Tobacco Mosaic Virus*

Ebola*

The value of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in nanobiotech can hardly be overstated:

“TMV Scaffolds Used to Make Other Nanoparticles

“Nanoparticles are well sought into because of their applications in drug delivery and in other nanotechnologies. The tobacco mosaic virus is a symmetrical rod of repeating subunits of protein stacked on top of each other, which has the ability to be reformed into other nanoparticle shapes. Research into diverse nanoparticle shapes are being looked into to see their potential use in in vivo studies^[10]. Research has found that when TMV rods are heated up they can collapse to take on different structures and sizes of spherical nanoparticles. These different sized nanoparticles have the potential to be used in the medical field to find a variety of delivery and imagining agents[10]. The spherical nanoparticles form as a result of heating the TMV to 94 °C for at least ten seconds. The size of the nanoparticles can vary depending on the concentration of the TMV that is in solution at one time[10]. The reported sizes of these spherical nanoparticles are between 50-800 nm in diameter and can range in morphology by changing the temperature and time under heat conditions[10]. For the complete conversion of TMV into the spherical nanoparticles, 125 seconds at 100 °C is required. Shorter times at 100 °C will result in a mix of TMV rods and spheres. Longer times at 100 °C will not change the morphology of the spherical nanoparticles[10]. Further investigation into these different nanoparticle shapes could lead to novel structures that can be used for medical applications in drug delivery that researchers are not yet aware of.”  https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Tobacco_Mosaic_Virus_Uses_In_Pharmaceutical_Research

 

More to come as part 2

Atomic Agent Oswald Will Return

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Like Elvis, he left the building. But if you’re a fan, his imminent presence haunts the premises, maybe now more than ever, and I’ll tell you why. It isn’t easy and it certainly isn’t fast. I’ve been struggling with the Atomic Oswald story for over a decade, wondering if it would take the rest of my natural life –and if it does, I’m willing, if only to make a readable narrative out of plausible theory. Few ‘characters’ who live, breathe, and walk the earth ingratiate themselves into the darkest recesses of history’s matrices so that we would ever hear of them. In this sense, we’re lucky. The signal contribution of Oswald is in becoming known and forever associated to the JFK assassination, a fate he didn’t choose as his defenders maintain.  His fate, however, shines a light on the Big Science of nuclear energy and uncovers a few more characters who had the power to choose his fate when the timing favored it.

What matters is that the persistent secrecy of JFK assassination events, and Oswald’s role in them,  continues to oppressively hold down the vital public discourse on the consequences of Big Science technology. In the ‘50s and ‘60s, the death-dealing spread of nuclear energy was sold as a ‘peaceful’ enterprise, the Free Energy of its time, in support of which a vast medical military industrial complex began to flourish. Nuclear technology, which borrowed language from biology, is transitioning into the Big Science of biotech which is now endeavoring to ‘enhance us’ by displacement and usurpation. For a while, it is ourselves and our cells becoming the new Free Energy of tomorrow. Go to sleep now and wake up in the Hell Scenario of futurists past. The Enlightened Technocracy economy, which promises to pay its citizens not to work, doesn’t need us. Like all Free Energy thus far, it’s going to be very expensive and you will have to earn your right to live and participate with ‘good behavior.’ COVID aims to engineer out all the bugs.

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Porphyrins: Oxygen and Electrons

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“Porphyrins are light sensitive pigments” bound into molecules we know as heme and chlorophyll. Heme and iron together make up the core of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in red blood cells; oxygen metabolism being our most basic function of life. Ten minutes of oxygen deprivation can lead to a rapid death. The porphyrins have special ‘electron transport’ qualities that make them ‘electrosensitive’ and interesting to industry. They also have chemical cousins called pyrroles which are similar and will be the subject of another descriptive blog-post because of the commercial value of the pyrrole group. But first, the porphyrins –particularly where an excess of circulating porphyrins caused by environmental poisons and electrical overload leads to dire malfunctions including the paralyzing, fatiguing, immune- deficient and ‘flu-like’ spectrum of ills.

 “Porphyrins are central to our story” writes Arthur Firstenberg in The Invisible Rainbow, “ not only because of a disease named porphyria [**see more below] but…because of the part porphyrins play in the modern epidemics of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes which affect half the world, and because their very existence is a reminder of the role of electricity in life itself.” –pp139-140, The Invisible Rainbow, 2017.

 “Adding thin films of porphyrins to commercially available photovoltaic [solar] cells increases the voltage, current, and total power output…  The properties that make porphyrins suitable in electronics are the same properties that make us alive… The secret lies in the highly pigmented, fluorescent molecule called porphyrin. Strong pigments are always efficient energy absorbers, and if they are also fluorescent, they are also good energy transmitters… Porphyrins are more efficient energy transmitters than any other of life’s components… [And] one more place these surprising molecules are found [is] in the nervous system, the organ where electrons flow. In fact, in mammals, the central nervous system is the only organ that shines with the red fluorescent glow of porphyrins when examined under ultraviolet light. These porphyrins…occur, however, in a location where one might least expect to find them –not in the neurons themselves, the cells that carry messages from our five senses to our brains—but in the myelin sheaths that envelop them, the sheaths whose…breakdown causes one of the most common and least understood neurological diseases of our time: multiple sclerosis. It was orthopedic surgeon Robert O. Becker who, in the 1970s, discovered that the myelin sheaths are really electrical transmission lines.” –pp145-147  …”The cells that biologists had considered merely insulation turned out to be the real wires. It was the Schwann cells, Becker concluded –the myelin-containing glial cells—and not the neurons they surrounded that carried the currents that determined growth and healing… The myelin sheaths –the liquid crystalline sleeve surrounding our nerves—contain semiconducting porphyrins doped with heavy metal atoms, probably zinc…   Toxic chemicals and EMF [the same combo of nuclear fallout, for example]…disrupts the porphyrin pathway… According to more recent research, a large excess of porphyrin precursors can prevent the synthesis of myelin and break apart the myelin sheaths, leaving the neurons exposed… [An] Italian team confirmed in 2009…that as much as ninety percent of the oxygen [used by the brain] is consumed…by the myelin sheaths.” pp152-153

“Porphyrins are light sensitive pigments that play pivotal roles in the [metabolic] economy of both plants and animals… In plants a porphyrin bound to magnesium is the pigment called chlorophyll… responsible for photosynthesis. In animals an almost identical molecule bound to iron is the pigment called heme, the essential part of hemoglobin that makes blood red and enables it to carry oxygen… Heme is also the central component of cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase, enzymes [found] in every cell of every plant, animal and bacterium, that transport electrons from nutrients to oxygen so that our cells can extract energy. And heme is the main component of the cytochrome P450 enzymes in our liver that detoxify environmental chemicals for us by oxidizing them [for breakdown and clearance]… In other words, porphyrins are the very special molecules that interface between oxygen and life. They are responsible for the creation, maintenance, and recycling of all the oxygen in our atmosphere.” –136

“Piezoelectricity, a property of crystals that makes them useful in electronic products, transforms mechanical stress into electrical voltages [restated as turning a frequency into a current] and vice-versa, [and] has been found in cellulose, collagen, horn, bone, wool, wood, tendon, blood vessel walls, muscle, nerve, fibrin, DNA, [cell membranes] and every type of protein examined. …It was Otto Lehmann, already in 1908, who noticing the close resemblance between the shapes of known liquid crystals and many biological structures, proposed that the very basis of life was the liquid crystalline state. Liquid crystals, like organisms, had the ability to grow; to heal wounds; to consume other substances or other crystals; to be poisoned; to form membranes, spheres, rods, filaments and helical structures; to divide; to ‘mate’;…to transform chemical energy into mechanical motion.” –p143, The Invisible Rainbow.

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‘Accelerating Electrosensitivity’ and  ‘Accelerating Biology’ are two recent blog posts from May dealing with this subject:

Accelerating Biology

From ‘Accelerating Biology,’ which offers a description from Dr. Bruce Lipton about the flowing nature of liquid crystals as well as the bodily health implications of a ‘growth’ state versus ‘protection’ state:    “In multicellular organisms, growth/protection behaviors are controlled by the nervous system. It is the nervous system’s job to monitor environmental signals, interpret them, and organize appropriate behavioral responses… the nervous system acts like the government in organizing the activities of its cellular citizens… The body is actually endowed with two separate protection systems, each vital to the maintenance of life. The first…mobilizes protection against external threats. It is called the HPA axis which stands for the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis. [p147] When there are no threats, the HPA axis is inactive and growth [cell renewal, respiration, digestion, etc.] flourishes… Once the adrenal alarm is sounded… [the] visceral organs stop doing their life-sustaining work of digestion, absorption, excretion and…production of the body’s energy reserves. Hence the stress response inhibits growth processes and further compromises the body’s survival by interfering with the generation of vital energy reserves. [p148]

“ The body’s second protection system is the immune system which protects us from threats originating under the skin such as those caused by bacteria and viruses… it can consume much of the body’s energy supply. [p149] The HPA system is a brilliant mechanism for handling acute stresses. However…not designed to be continuously activated.[p151] The HPA axis’ effect on the cellular community mirrors the effect of stress on a human population. [p153] [It shifts] the members of the community from a state of growth to a state of protection. [p154] …[S]tress hormones are so effective at curtailing immune system function that doctors provide them to recipients of transplants so that their immune systems wouldn’t reject the foreign tissues…. Activating the HPA axis also interferes with our ability to think clearly… Adrenal stress hormones constrict the blood vessels in the forebrain…[and] repress activity in the…prefrontal cortex…the center of conscious volitional activity… and reasoning. [p150]

“Inhibiting growth processes [which includes natural immunity] is also debilitating in that growth…is required to produce energy. Consequently, a sustained protection response inhibits the creation of life-sustaining energy. The longer you stay in protection, the more you compromise your growth…To fully thrive, we must not only eliminate the stressors but also actively seek joyful, loving, fulfilling lives that stimulate growth processes.” [p147] Biology of Belief, by Bruce H. Lipton, PhD

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CytochromeP450 from Wikipedia: “Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that function as monooxygenases.^[1][2][3] In mammals, these proteins oxidize steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics, and are important for the clearance of various compounds, as well as for hormone synthesis and breakdown. In plants, these proteins are important for the biosynthesis of defensive compounds, fatty acids, and hormones.^[2]

CYP enzymes have been identified in all kingdoms of life: animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea, as well as in viruses.^[4] However, they are not omnipresent; for example, they have not been found in Escherichia coli.^[3][5] More than 50,000 distinct CYP proteins are known.^[6]

CYPs are, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes in electron transfer chains, broadly categorized as P450-containing systems. The term “P450” is derived from the spectrophotometric peak at the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the enzyme (450 nm) when it is in the reduced state and complexed with carbon monoxide. Most CYPs require a protein partner to deliver one or more electrons to reduce the iron (and eventually molecular oxygen).”

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** “Porphyrias are a group of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders of heme biosynthesis, due to a specific decrease in the activity of one of the enzymes of the heme pathway. Clinical signs and symptoms of porphyrias are frequently associated with exposure to precipitating agents, including clinically approved drugs…  The cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzymes are… heme proteins which are the terminal oxidases of the mixed-function oxidase system (1). The 1 to 3 families of CYP are responsible for 70% to 80% of all phase I–dependent metabolism of clinically used drugs (2)…  The clinical consequences of genetic polymorphisms [mutations] in drug metabolism depend on…the activity of the drug… as well as the extent to which the affected pathway contributes to the overall elimination of the drug…” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1770015/

*The electron transfer system

Redox

“The uptake of an electron (as well as a positively charged hydrogen ion aka proton) by a receiving molecule is called reduction. Conversely, the donation of an electron (as well as a hydrogen ion) is called oxidation. In living cells, the effective proportion of reduced substances to oxidized substances is called the redox balance. The redox potential is measured in millivolts. A distinguishing feature of living cells is the dynamic maintenance of energy flows away from thermodynamic equilibrium. This is accomplished by constant electron transfer, which, at the same time, produces proton gradients to decrease or increase the electromotive force. The movement of these electrons and protons creates energy in the form of light emissions (photons) that are reabsorbed in the healthy cell. While normal cells emit less light, cancer cells [for example] are decoupled from this photon field and show an exponential increase in light emission (energy loss) with increasing cell density. This correlates with the observation that cancer cells have a diminished capacity for intercommunication. A fundamental principle of evolutionary biology states that the more complex an organism’s evolution, the more reduced it must be. In the reduced state, there are more electrons available for energy production. In order to insure the necessary predominance of the reduction status, any oxidation of a molecule or atom must be quickly reduced again. In living cells this takes place particularly by means of sulfur containing amino acids, sulfurous peptides with low molecular weights and other sulfurous molecules. Mounting evidence from recent research has confirmed [Otto] Warburg’s findings [about chronic oxygen deficiency in cancer] and has further shown that chronic deficits in the more efficient mitochondrial oxidative metabolism are factors in the development of many chronic diseases.”  –p57, AIDS, Opium, Diamonds and Empire, by Nancy T. Banks, 2010

“The common factor linking the diverse stressors that were overpowering the immune and energy systems of…AIDS patients was that they are all strong oxidizing agents or had that effect at the cellular level. Oxidizing agents are substances that have a deficit of electrons and because of their reactivity are known as free radicals. Free radicals alter the redox status of the cellular milieu and…over time create tissue damage that results in disease. Such damage, if caught early, can be neutralized and reversed by…appropriate reducing agents, such as vitamins and other nutritional compounds…[antioxidants]…along with detoxification and…compensatory therapy.” –p77, AIDS, Opium, etc.

COVID, of course, by DARPA

 

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Well, I’m cutting to the chase  –even though I won’t be skipping the BATS, rats and vats in this scenario–  DARPA’s M-O is the essence of speed. They kind of deny it.

“ ‘We have been thinking about and preparing for this a long time’ …said Amy Jenkins, manager of DARPA’s antibody program, which is known as the Pandemic Prevention Platform, or P3 …In that program and other [programs], DARPA has quietly been seeding the ground for…a rapid cure for a pathogen like covid-19 for years…”

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This quote above, and all others following, comes from a Washington Post article published back on July 30, found at https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/how-a-secretive-pentagon-agency-seeded-the-ground-for-a-rapid-coronavirus-cure/ar-BB17njj7

A no-brainer, you could say, but a good condensed catch-up story on DARPA’s CoV footprint in vaccine-making.  Unfortunately, there’s not a dot in this piece about delivery tech, test methods or formulas also sponsored by DARPA, suggested by ‘other programs.’ Please do read on to ‘DARPA’s Darkest Agenda’ and the activist post found at ‘Stillness in the Storm’, and ‘DARPA’s Man in Wuhan’ below.

Nonetheless: “ ‘Being at DARPA at this time is exciting…because we get to see the research work that was funded… ten to fifteen years ago now really start to pay off,’ acting director [and current deputy dir.] Peter Highnam said…” speaking of COVID.

Remember this is fun!

Paying Off

“The first company [Moderna]… to enter clinical trials with a vaccine…was funded by DARPA. So was the second company [Inovio]. And the P3 program has already led to the world’s first study in humans of… antibody treatment… In addition to Moderna, two other pharmaceutical companies –Pfizer and CureVac—are pursuing RNA vaccines… CureVac was also funded by DARPA… …  DARPA also funded… companies [unnamed]  that manufacture vaccines…in tobacco-like plants as well as a ‘self-assembling vaccine’ platform at Massachusetts General Hospital…  ”

Something I appreciate is the article asking the natural question about treatment with antibodies:

 “Instead of forcing the body to produce antibodies using a vaccine, why not just inject the best antibody directly? The DARPA team began to pursue that aim in parallel. [Dan] Wattendorf called the rapid delivery of an antibody using RNA ‘the more aspirational dream.’ The idea was to take…the best antibody out of thousands in the bloodstream. Then, the genetic code of that antibody could be injected [into combat troops]…to give…protection…immediately. Protection could range from a few weeks to a few months –enough time for a deployment. In a pandemic, DARPA envisioned using such antibodies as a ‘firebreak’… For example, if one person in a nursing home tests positive, the antibody could be given to all the other residents…  DARPA had funded the development of rapid antibody technologies for years. Then, around 2016, DARPA director Arati Prabhakar [second woman in the chair, after Regina Dugan] wanted to weave [the programs] together into a production line… The result was the Pandemic Prevention Platform, which Prabhakar signed off on before leaving DARPA in January 2017. The goal of [P3]…was to develop an antibody for any virus within 60 days of receiving the blood sample of a survivor.”

Credit for DARPA’s Pandemic program, however, goes to “a brainy Air Force doctor named Dan Wattendorf [who] helped push rapid pandemic response further to the top of DARPA’s priority list… Wattendorf had ideas for a solution. In 2010, he took to a conference room at DARPA…to make a pitch…[and] Regina E. Dugan…greenlight[ed] his proposal. The result was a program called ADEPT, which invested $291 million from 2011 to 2019 in an array of technologies… ‘It may turn out to be the most important program from my time at the agency,’ said Dugan, who ran DARPA from 2009 to 2012. Chief among Wattendorf’s targets for the program: delivering vaccines and antibodies by implanting their genetic code… Wattendorf hoped to short-circuit [conventional methods by] cutting out the manufacturing process… By 2010, scientists had tested the idea using DNA with mixed results. Wattendorf wanted to try its single-stranded sibling RNA. If successful, RNA could be used to develop both vaccines and antibodies… It also offered a one-size-fits-all approach; in the future, scientists would need only the genetic code…   At least initially, the antibodies won’t be delivered using RNA, although Duke University plans to manufacture an RNA version of its antibody, meeting the original DARPA vision for the program.  Wattendorf…left DARPA and now works for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.”

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DARPA’s Darkest Agenda

“DARPA-backed DNA and RNA vaccine companies, including Moderna, Inovio as well as Germany’s CureVac, have been unable to get their products licensed for human use, largely due to the fact that their vaccines have failed to provide sufficient immunity in human trials… Several workarounds for this issue have been proposed, including vaccines where the genetic material (RNA or DNA) ‘self-amplifies’ …[by] incorporation of nanotechnology…as the carriers for the genetic material”…

“[A] long-standing DARPA program, now overseen by BTO, is known as “Living Foundries.” According to DARPA’s website, Living Foundries “aims to enable adaptable, scalable, and on-demand production of [synthetic] molecules by programming the fundamental metabolic processes of biological systems to generate a vast number of complex molecules that are not otherwise accessible… The types of research this “Living Foundries” program supports involves the creation of “artificial life” including the creation of artificial genetic material, including artificial chromosomes, the creation of ‘entirely new organisms’…

“Changing human brain chemistry and functionality at the cellular level is only one of numerous DARPA initiatives aimed at changing how human beings think and perceive reality. Since 2002, DARPA has acknowledged its efforts to create a “Brain-Machine Interface (BMI).” Though first aimed at creating “a wireless brain modem for a freely moving rat,” which would allow the animal’s movements to be remotely controlled, DARPA wasn’t shy about the eventual goal of applying such brain “enhancement” to humans in order to enable soldiers to “communicate by thought alone” or remotely control human beings (on the enemy side only, so they say) for the purposes of war….

“According to one recent report on DARPA’s N3 program, one example of “minimally invasive” technologies would involve: an injection of a virus carrying light-sensitive sensors, or other chemical, biotech, or self-assembled nanobots that can reach individual neurons and control their activity independently without damaging sensitive tissue. The proposed use for these technologies isn’t yet well-specified, but as animal experiments have shown, controlling the activity of single neurons at multiple points is sufficient to program artificial memories of fear, desire, and experiences directly into the brain…

“In 2011, DARPA announced its “Rapidly Adaptable Nanotherapeutics” program, which seeks to create a “platform capable of rapidly synthesizing therapeutic nanoparticles” aimed at combating “evolving and even genetically engineered bioweapons.” DARPA’s plan for these nanoparticles, which media reports described merely as “tiny, autonomous drug delivery systems,” was to combine them with “small interfering RNA (siRNA),” which are snippets of RNA that can target and shut down specific genes…

“ [The] current coronavirus crisis appears to be the perfect storm that will allow DARPA’s dystopian vision to take hold and burst forth from the darkest recesses of the Pentagon into full public view. However, DARPA’s transhumanist vision for the military and for humanity presents an unprecedented threat, not just to human freedom, but an existential threat to human existence and the building blocks of biology itself.”

Read it all, by Whitney Webb, at https://www.activistpost.com/2020/05/coronavirus-gives-a-dangerous-boost-to-darpas-darkest-agenda.html

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Dr. Michael Callahan of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Boston

a.k.a.‘DARPA’s Man in Wuhan’ by Raul Diego

“Dr. Michael Callahan was given a leave of absence from his senior executive role at United Therapeutics (UTHR) in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China; sent there to assist colleagues handling mass infections… under his joint appointment at a Chinese sister hospital of the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, where he has maintained a faculty appointment since 2005 [as a program officer of DARPA]…

“Soon, Callahan would be…briefing U.S. officials on the location of the next likely outbreak… The doctor marveled at the “magnificent infectivity” of the disease, which sits “like a little silent smart bomb in your community”… [Callahan] has dedicated his life to studying these microscopic killers. “Triple boarded”  in internal medicine, infectious diseases and tropical medicine, Callahan, nevertheless also has a strong entrepreneurial streak, that drove him to launch no less than 11 companies and develop 8 patents.

“Callahan’s nose for business came into play early on in the pandemic. After studying data from over 6,000 patient records from Wuhan, he reportedly detected a pattern that could point to a possible treatment using a low-cost and widely available ingredient of an “over-the-counter histamine-2 receptor antagonist called Famotidine”, more commonly known as the brand name Pepcid… Simultaneously in the U.S., it is claimed, an old colleague of Callahan’s, Dr. Robert Malone, had been conducting a study… working alongside U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) consultants to carry out supercomputer-based analyses to identify existing FDA-approved drugs that may be useful against the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19. Per their analyses, famotidine turned out to be the “most attractive combination of safety, cost and pharmaceutical characteristics”…

In the ‘90s, Callahan and Massachusetts General Hospital were in the center of the U.S. program to convert the former USSR bioweapons program, and it’s weaponeers, into a ‘peaceful use’ industry making vaccines and drugs for the global marketplace. The conversion of Soviet bioweapons was also the subject of the 2001 book ‘Germs’ by Judith Miller, Stephen Engleberg, and William Broad.

“In 2005, just as he was getting ready to decorate his new office at DARPA, Michael Callahan testified before Congress together with Ken Alibek – former deputy director of the Soviet Biopreparat, who defected to the U.S. and became the darling of the bioterror alarmists in and out of government. In his prepared statement, Callahan concluded with a chilling statement that summarizes the general sentiment shared by many in his circle: “The dark science of biological weapon design and manufacture parallels that of the health sciences and the cross mixed disciplines of modern technology. Potential advances in biological weapon lethality will in part be the byproduct of peaceful scientific progress. So, until the time when there are no more terrorists, the U.S. Government and the American people will depend on the scientific leaders of their field to identify any potential dark side aspect to every achievement…” –Michael Callahan. Callahan would receive DARPA’s highest commendation, the DARPA Achievement Award, for his success with the Accelerated Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals (AMP) program. But, it would be another program of his creation that would prove prophetic. Prophecy was another program created by Callahan at DARPA. It sought to ‘transform the vaccine and drug development enterprise from observational and reactive to predictive and preemptive’ through algorithmic programming techniques. In layman’s terms, the program proposed that ‘viral mutations and outbreaks’ could be predicted in advance to more rapidly counter the unknown disease with preemptive drug and vaccine development.” …………………………

Read it all  https://unlimitedhangout.com/2020/07/investigative-reports/darpas-man-in-wuhan/

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The Covid-19 Healthcare Coalition

“According to its website, the Covid-19 Healthcare Coalition was established as “a coordinated public-interest, private-sector response to the Covid-19 pandemic, convening healthcare organizations, technology firms, nonprofits, academia, and startups.” The coalition, which was launched by the intelligence and defense contractor MITRE, also includes tech giants like Google, Microsoft, Palantir, Salesforce, and Amazon and allows its member organizations to “collaborate, collect, analyze, visualize, and share data and insights.” With access to the data from partnered health-care institutions, such as the Mayo Clinic and the Cedars-Sinai Health System, these tech companies are “helping” the coalition “unlock large-scale analytics for Covid-19.” Institutions tied to the US government, and the NSCAI in particular, such as the CIA’s In-Q-Tel, are also members of the Covid-19 Healthcare Coalition. Notably, the recent advances in US-based efforts to “predict” or “automate” Covid-19 diagnoses are all tied to this very coalition. Indeed, all of the companies and institutions mentioned thus far in this report have engaged in developing these tools, as Diagnostic Robotics, Salesforce, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Mount Sinai Medical Center are all coalition members”….

 

https://unlimitedhangout.com/2020/09/reports/new-pentagon-google-partnership-suggests-ai-will-soon-be-used-to-diagnose-covid-19/

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Q and A

Healthcare? –DARPA

5G and the Internet of Things? –DARPA

Thought control? –DARPA

The future? –DARPA, DARPA, DARPA

Any questions?

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Pentagon will coordinate the ‘free’ covid-19 vaccine deployment:

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Tobacco Vaccines by DARPA

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In 2012, DARPA’s exiting director, Regina Dugan gave a TED talk touting the accomplishments of the  defense agency; among them, hypersonic Mach 20 flying machines, artificial hummingbird drones, and ‘green goo’ tobacco-grown vaccines.  She said, ”This green goo may someday matter to you. This green goo is perhaps the vaccine that could save your life. It was made in tobacco plants. Tobacco plants can make millions of doses of vaccine in weeks instead of months and it might just be the first healthy use of tobacco ever [even] if it seems far-fetched that tobacco plants could make people healthy.” [approx.minute 11] https://www.ted.com/talks/regina_dugan_from_mach_20_glider_to_hummingbird_drone#t-803271

DARPA is on the front lines of making COVID-19 vaccines, in part, through its Biological Technologies Office (BTO) and the leadership of Dr. Anne Cheever who “led a team focused on COVID-19 vaccine acceleration… in support of Operation Warp Speed (OWS) and the Department of Defense.” www.darpa.mil/staff/dr-anne-cheever

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Tobacco and its constituent Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), the first ever virus discovery, makes a fascinating array of now-useful substances in synthetic biology and AI microelectronics. One of these materials, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, and its analog vinylpyrrolidone, or VP) became the subject of my 2012 post ‘Morgification’ about the discovery and use of PVP and its compelling property of making vein-like branched hollow tubes. PVP, I suspect, gives rise to some of the very weird physical extrusion phenomena in Morgellon’s sufferers. PVP was used post-WWII as a blood volumizer, and today is a cheap food-additive bulking agent like cellulose. Even “cellulose has received much attention as an emerging smart material, named as electro-active paper (EAPap)…”  Citations predating 2012 and uses of these materials, plus a brief review of biopolymers is at the Morg post. https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2012/10/24/morgification/

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No crop in the history of America has as rich a history as tobacco. The Pilgrims made a commercial pact to provide tobacco in exchange for their passage and supply. In the early 20^th century, the uranium tailings leftover from radium production were spread on tobacco fields as ‘radium fertilizer’ to plump up the poundage of this valuable resource, possibly having a mid-century effect on people like Henrietta Lacks, whose cancerous HeLa cells changed the world of biomedical research during the age of radioactive fallout—and enabled the rapid production of polio vaccine, et.al.  More directly, today’s version of tobacco, it appears, is all genetically modified and the ‘green goo’ is a fluorescing protein from jellyfish –perhaps the same basic substance combined with nicotinic acid that ‘lights up’ your brain and makes you smarter. Maybe, as James Watson would have it, the cure for stupidity in a vaccine.

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DARPA, of course, is covering the bases:  One early top contender on the way,  Moderna Inc. of Cambridge MA, maker of the mRNA vaccine advocated by the Gates and trialed on computer technology workers in Seattle, is in “strategic alliances with…DARPA and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation” –as expected. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/MRNA/profile  Moderna is the ‘wealthiest’ company in the state of Massachusetts. But in the liberalized wild-west climate of “national” vaccines, the current COVID tobacco contender made by Kentucky BioProcessing (KBP), a subsidiary of British American Tobacco ( B.A.T., or BATS on the London stock exchange), may have its day –expect it!

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Coming up, more DARPA, more BATS, tobacco vaccines, such as those for Ebola and tularemia, and the fascinating Tobacco Mosaic Virus and related science of pyrroles and porphyrins.

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Better Bodies by DARPA

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“ The whole point of DARPA is to ‘accelerate the future into being,’ its strategic plan says… and bring them to the near side as quickly as possible” writes  Joel Garreau in his 2005 book Radical Evolution. “Today, DARPA is in the business of creating better humans.” –p22, 24—and if that’s not a definition of eugenics, nothing is.

Readers of 2005’s Radical Evolution who are also familiar with the documentary The Transcendent Man, starring ‘futurist’ Ray Kurzweil’s exposition of The Singularity, can pull the ‘Transcendent’ script right off DARPA’s pages in Garreau’s book.

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Radical Evolution informs us that “since the late nineties [DARPA] has increasingly focused on human biology through the Defense Sciences Office [the DSO, whose staff] treasure shirts with the legend ‘DSO, DARPA’s DARPA.’ The notion is that if DARPA is at the cutting edge, DSO is the cutting edge of the cutting edge. In enhancing human performance, the program managers of DSO see a ‘golden age’ of opportunity… (p25) Just to make things clear, ‘DARPA has no laboratory space, [DSO director Michael] Goldblatt says. ‘DARPA does no work which we would consider execution. The actual work products –the milestones, the goals and objectives—are all done by independent investigators. They have the common tie –that they applied for—of funding coming from [DARPA programs].” (p31)

“ DARPA is by no means the only or even the largest organization in the business of creating the next humans. DARPA’s… annual budget is less than that of the National Science Foundation and is dwarfed by that of the National Institutes of Health, just to name two… [and] its ‘bio-revolution’ program represents only a fraction of DARPA’s overall agenda. The significance of DARPA trying to improve human beings, however, is that few if any institutions in the world are so intentionally devoted to high-risk, high-return, explicitly world-changing research… That’s why DARPA is at the forefront of the engineered evolution of mankind.” (p23).

“DARPA, for example, is very interested in creating human beings who are unstoppable. Three things that slow humans down in combat are pain, wounds and bleeding. So Navy Commander Kurt Henry…is directing researchers who are working on those. He is manager of a program called Persistence in Combat (PIC). In California, there is a biotech company in Silicon Valley called Rinat Neuroscience. Henry is funding its ‘pain vaccine.’ What the substance does is block intense pain in less than 10 seconds [and can] last for thirty days… The product works on the inflammatory response… The commercial implications are formidable… Rinat is a spin-off from Genentech, the world’s first biotech firm. It has attracted venture capital… (p27).

“Particularly significant, DARPA creates institutions to support the future it desires. DARPA invests 90 percent of its budget outside the federal government, mainly in universities and industry. Academic centers at MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon that made fundamental contributions to information technology coalesced because of DARPA. If it feels companies need to exist, DARPA helps foster those, including Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics and Cisco Systems.” (p24) And Rinat Neuroscience is but one example here; Garreau gives us many.

Here are a few more of DARPA’s life science DSO projects discussed with author Garreau:

The Unconventional Pathogen Countermeasures program :  “The object of the game is to discover the essential part of life common to many of these pathogens –no matter how they might be genetically re-engineered –and interrupt them. An example would be finding an enzyme that appears only in bacteria but is not in us. It might exist only for a brief time in the bacteria, but without it, that life form cannot exist. Then you attack it. Another is ‘genomic glue’ –something that sticks onto the genome… so tightly that it prevents the genome from being read, translated and in any way replicated… There are a half dozen approaches to viruses and bacteria in the works, but one anti-genomic drug is at the last stages of testing in mice. This one seems to work on smallpox, malaria, anthrax and tularemia. It stops the Black Death –the plague—in its tracks. And yes, it also works on the flu. Researchers [in 2005] are ready to go to the FDA for human safety trials.” According to the program director John Carney, “ ‘despite the fact that you’re in the middle of nowhere and you have no way of getting medical help…the drug will work.’ What’s more, as a side benefit, it apparently could cure malaria and probably the common cold. ‘Yes. Anything that can infect you,’ says Carney. …We’re talking about about Pestilence as in the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse?  ‘Right,’ says Carney.” (p30)

The Metabolically Dominant Soldier program: “Hunger, exhaustion and despondency also slow humans down. Dealing with that is…tinkering with the internal machinery of human cells –controlling cellular metabolism and other activity within the cells… Take mitochondria, for example. They produce the energy to power the cell. [DARPA] is interested in modifying the number of mitochondria…[and] their efficiency at creating energy.”  Program manager Joe Bielitzki “is confident that he can take an individual now formidably trained to perform 80 pull-ups before exhaustion and render him capable of 300… One of the ways Bielitzki would like to do this is by eliminating the need for food… ‘We’ve all got stored calories—we just don’t have access to them [all the time]… Bielitzki acknowledges the potential for spin-off technologies. ‘Forty billion dollars a year goes into the weight loss industry in this country,’ he muses. ‘This will change it‘. (p32).  One of the goals of the Metabolic Engineering program is to allow badly injured soldiers to go into suspended animation or hibernation. It would allow them to survive even without oxygen for…periods of time… This is also the program interested in allowing soldiers to run Olympic-quality sprints for 15 minutes on one breath of air. Turns out humans are very inefficient in the way we process resources. There’s a whole lot of oxygen in one breath, and we waste most of it.” (p40)

The endosymbiont mitochondria in human, and ‘other’ species cells produce ‘the energy molecule’ adenosine triphosphate, ATP, use of which which ranges over any number of DARPA programs. “This brings us to Alan Rudolph…[the]godfather of the telekinetic monkey… He is the program manager for an extraordinarily broad portfolio of DSO’s projects. He jockeys hundreds of principal investigators…[and] has 15 patents in biological self-assembly, biomaterials, tissue engineering and neurosciences. He makes a distinction between DARPA and think tanks such as RAND, Brookings and the Highlands Forum. ‘There are a lot of people who think about the future. [DARPA] is one of those places where you can put money behind those fantasies. You get a vision, and then you start throwing money at it… to roll the ball down the road. It makes it an interesting place, no doubt. (p34) …So now he is working on everything from multi-legged robots to computerized human eye implants to brain-machine interfaces… (p35) ‘Power is a big issue. Our battery technology sucks. Our power problems are huge. I think all these implants will be run off the energy in the body, ATP. There’s low-temperature fuel in the body. The body is amazing in terms of its chemical conversion of energy. So we have a whole program… Biomotors… implantable batteries that work off the natural body constituents. Tissue engineering is going on to give us muscle… Right now we can keep [muscle] alive longer than we can get a battery to work. Yes. Outside the body. Yes. We’ve got a thing called the ‘lox bot.’. It’s a little biorobotic device that resembles a piece of smoked salmon. It uses skeletal muscle from a frog, and the damn thing swims using skeletal muscle. It swims through its energy source. It’s in a bath of glucose and ATP and the thing swims for like 20 hours. That’s the University of Michigan and MIT.’” (p38)

“The Mesoscopic Integrated Conformal Electronics (MICE) program has already succeeded in printing electronic circuits on the frames of eyeglasses and helmets, weaving them into clothes, even putting them on insects. These include electronics, antennas, fuel cells, batteries and solar cells. The Biological Input/Output Systems program is designed to enable plants, microbes and small animals to serve as ‘remote sentinels for reporting the presence of chemical or biological’ particles. They’d do this by changing color [or] lighting up fluorescently… The Brain-Machine Interface program is investigating how you would put wireless modems into people’s skulls. And that’s just the Defense Sciences Office, the department of DARPA most involved with human enhancement.” (p40)

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“Among those at DARPA who are working on changing what it means to be human, the word you most commonly hear is fun. Fun comes up all the time. Program managers view what they’re doing as the greatest fun of their lives…  Their tours of duty are usually only three or four years… They know they will never see its like again.” (p42)

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Antibody Problems

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For example……

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Nancy Banks, AIDS, Opium, Diamonds and Empire, 2010:

“The HIV antibody tests are another scientific conundrum never fully explained. An elevated antibody count has been historically used to identify those who have developed immunity to a disease… This elevated count is claimed to indicate that you have developed immunity from being exposed to [a] particular virus. This is the underlying theory of vaccines. If your antibody count drops, you are said to need a booster shot for the specific purpose of raising your antibody levels called titers. It is claimed that the vaccine will raise your immunity to the disease by increasing your antibodies against this pathogen. The immune system is imminently more complex, but this is the theory that has been rolled over from the 19^th century to justify the ever expanding roster of mandated vaccines.

“Yet in the case of HIV, when your antibody titers are already elevated, indicating that your body is working normally and has developed immunity to HIV, you are said not to be immune and are subject to the development of AIDS –a scientific wonder never explained by those promoting this theory. Yet the AIDS promoters are promising a vaccine against AIDS although they know that any vaccine would produce the exact antibodies, in which case people would be said to be immune from AIDS. Needless to say, the vaccine trials have all been gigantic failures. If you are already confused, that seems to be the point of ‘HIV’ science.” –pp58-59,  AIDS, Opium, Diamonds and Empire, by Nancy T. Banks, MD, 2010

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“One of the early treatments for HIV was a process called plasmapheresis, in which blood is removed from a patient and put into a centrifuge, with white cells and platelets in one area, red blood cells in another, and plasma in yet another. The plasma was known to contain antibodies that in HIV/AIDS caused part of the problem. The plasma was replaced with albumin so that the blood volume was maintained, then the blood was returned to the individual. Many patients experienced significant relief from this treatment, though they weren’t cured.” –p275, Plague, by Kent Heckenlively and Judy Mikovits, PhD

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Lewis Thomas, The Youngest Science, 1983

(ch8,’Neurology’, p74) …”we learned that John Dingle’s laboratory [at Harvard] was being mobilized for a trip to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where a meningitis epidemic had just been recognized [c1940] and the health authorities…requested help from Harvard. So we packed…[and] I went to work on the treatment of meningococcal meningitis with a new sulfonamide called sulfadiazine, of which I had never heard… We were in Halifax for about a month, culturing the spinal fluids of several hundred patients with meningitis, collecting samples of serum from these patients and other people who did not develop meningitis but were in close contact, in order to study the role of antibodies in protection against the disease, and recording with care the clinical course of the illness under treatment with sulfadiazine…[which] was wonderfully effective. The only patients who failed to recover were those with a rapidly developing and overwhelming infection—some of them became comatose within a few hours and were brought to the hospital in deep shock, their skin surfaces covered everywhere by areas of hemorrhagic necrosis (looking very much like the Shwartzman phenomenon which I was to study several years later), and these patients were dead before we could start treatment. All the rest, the majority, recovered promptly when given sulfadiazine…[with] none of the late complications—blindness, deafness, mental confusion—which had occurred in earlier epidemics of untreated meningococcal meningitis.

“We came back to Boston with crates of cultures and sera, and my laboratory was committed to the problem of the meningococcus and the mechanism of its peculiar affinity for the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord in human beings. None of the conventional laboratory animals were particularly vulnerable [p76] to this organism: rabbits, guinea pigs, rats and mice could tolerate the intravenous injection of huge numbers of live meningococci without turning a hair, and the bacteria disappeared from their bloodstreams within ten minutes or so. It was evident that the animals possessed a highly effective mechanism for their protection, and I settled down to find out more about this. The first and simplest possibility, that they were able to kill off the injected meningococci by means of an already-existing ‘natural’ antibody, was easiest to test in rabbits, so rabbits became the laboratory’s routine animal. We quickly learned that the serum of a normal adult rabbit was capable of destroying almost any number of meningococci; when up to a million organisms were added to a single milliliter of freshly obtained rabbit serum, and the mixture then incubated for a few hours at 37 degrees Centigrade, the specimens became sterile. If the serum samples were heated at 56 degrees Centigrade for an hour before adding the bacteria, the bactericidal action was completely lost, indicating that the killing power depended on the presence of complement (a sequence of proteins, still incompletely understood, which makes possible the action of antibodies against antigens on the surface of bacteria).

“We thought it useful, given so powerful an example of natural immunity already in existence in animals, to see whether we could obtain even stronger antibacterial sera by immunizing the rabbits. We injected animals with suspensions of heat-killed meningococci, and collected sera at weekly intervals… Within the next few days we encountered our paradox: the sera from the immunized rabbits [p77], which had been capable of killing a million meningococci in a few hours, had now lost this property. There were potent and specific antibodies in these sera, as we could show in other kinds of tests—agglutination, precipitation, and complement fixation tests. But, with the appearance of a specific antibody, the bactericidal activity vanished.

Moreover, something of the same sort could be shown in the whole rabbit in vivo. When we injected live bacteria into the bloodstream of our immunized animals, and then measured the survival of the bacteria by serial blood cultures, we were surprised to learn that the blood cultures were still positive twenty-four hours later in the more intensively immunized rabbits, in contrast to the unimmunized animals, in which all of the meningococci had disappeared within ten to fifteen minutes.

By this time it was late April of 1941 and I was in a hurry. The problem had turned into something fascinating, involving both paradox and surprise. I knew I was expected back in New York the next January to become a neurologist, so I worked as fast as I could. What I had run into was an antique immunologic phenomenon called the ‘prozone’ in which an excess of antibody turns off the immune reaction unless the serum is sufficiently diluted. However, the difference in my laboratory –what was new—was that it worked in vivo: an immunized animal could lose, as the result of being immunized, its own natural defense. This might, I thought, have useful implications for susceptibility in certain human infections beyond meningitis –typhoid fever and brucellosis, for example—and I wanted to get on with it.

“However, as it turned out, I never got to finish the problem or even answer the principal questions. Nor did I ever get back to the Neurological Institute [in NYC]. The Rockefeller Institute [p78] was put on notice in late 1941, then mobilized as a naval medical research unit; I was assigned to it as a lieutenant, and received orders to turn up in New York, in uniform, by the end of March 1942. John Dingle and I reluctantly agreed to bring the still inconclusive problem of the in vivo prozone to a premature end and write the work up; to this day [1983] I’ve never been able to return, full-time, to the problem. It still hangs there in my mind, and I don’t believe any other laboratory has ever settled it.” –pp 74-78, The Youngest Science, Notes of a Medicine-Watcher, by Lewis Thomas [MD], 1983

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Wikipedia:

“In an agglutination test, a person’s serum (which contains antibodies) is added to a test tube, which contains a particular antigen. If the antibodies agglutinate with the antigen to form immune complexes, then the test is interpreted as positive. However, if too many antibodies are present that can bind to the antigen, then the antigenic sites are coated by antibodies, and few or no antibodies directed toward the pathogen are able to bind more than one antigenic particle.^[3] Since the antibodies do not bridge between antigens, no agglutination occurs. Because no agglutination occurs, the test is interpreted as negative. In this case, the result is a false negative. The range of relatively high antibody concentrations within which no reaction occurs is called the prozone.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook_effect

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From Dr. Banks again, AIDS, Opium, etc.:

“Folate, one of the B vitamins, is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells… Folate deficiency hinders DNA synthesis and cell division by affecting co-enzyme synthesis and the metabolism of certain amino acids. Folate is also necessary for the production of the energy molecule ATP in the mitochondria. (p260) Sulfanomides inhibit folic acid synthesis… The metabolism of the double folic acid inhibitor T/S [Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, used to treat AIDS] is an important part of the AIDS story. Because bacteria, fungi and parasites have the same mitochondria as humans, the consequence of using T/S should have led to the following assumptions: Sulfamethoxazole blocks the synthesis of folic acid in both human and microbial mitochondria, and therefore human cells are just as vulnerable as microbial cells; trimethoprim likewise blocks the activation of folic acid… The metabolic product of sulfamethoxazole, especially the toxic product hydroxylamine, has to be detoxified by glutathione, the three-amino-acid master antioxidant… The lack of this powerful antioxidant leads to nitrosative and oxidative stress… This decreases the production of ATP the energy molecule, leads to mtDNA damage and to disruption of protein synthesis…

“This predictable disruption of cellular metabolism as a result of oxidative and nitrosative stress caused by this drug combination… [leads] to increased cell disintegration… or to cellular transformation to tumor cells that switch to the less efficient cytoplasmic glycolytic energy production… [A] decade before the sudden appearance of opportunistic fungal infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma as AIDS… it was already recognized [c1970] that long-term medication with folic acid inhibitors could provoke neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and systemic fungal infections… (p262)

…”Microbes and humans possess the same type of eukaryotic cells. If a drug attacks the metabolism of the microbe, it also has the possibility to attack the metabolism of the human, and a range of antibiotics have been shown to do just that. However, the microbes…have the ability to adapt to hostile environments… Many of the drugs humans create to kill microbes end up killing themselves. It is now known that Trimethoprim, Azothioprine and AZT suppress the function of nitric oxide (NO) gas producing Th1 immune cells and after a few days cause a Th1/Th2 switch of cellular immunity. This is important because it is the NO gas-producing Th1 cells that kill intracellular parasites. If the Th1 cells are prohibited from producing NO gas because of exhaustion from chronic overexposure to free radicals or because of malnutrition, then the ability to mount an effective response of what is called cellular immunity (as opposed to humoral, or antibody immunity) is thwarted, and this gives rise to the overgrowth of opportunistic microbes. It also gives rise to a Th2 counterbalance with an increase in antibody production. This is why HIV patients respond positively to the HIV test. Not because there is [or isn’t] a virus, but because the organism is responding in an evolutionary biologically programmed way to environmental stressors.”  –p263, AIDS, Opium, Diamonds and Empire

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7 Reasons Why Antibodies Can’t Possibly Provide Immunity

http://theothersideofvaccines.com/2018/12/7-reasons-why-antibodies-cant-possibly-provide-immunity/

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Eugenics and Vaccines

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Turn back the clock a hundred years to a Supreme Court decision that upheld a case of involuntary sterilization in Buck v. Bell (1927), the most famous legal ruling in the American eugenics crusade against the ‘unfit’. The majority decision, written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., sanctioned the practice of sterilization surgery by public health authorities with these words:

“It is better for all the world if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. Three generations of imbeciles is enough.”  Holmes was referring to Carrie Buck, her mother Emma, and her young daughter, Vivian, born in March of 1924 while Carrie was institutionalized by the State of Virginia. (source ref. p121, War Against the Weak, by Edwin Black, 2003)

The broad principle of compulsory vaccination, we infer from Holmes, is the preeminent exercise of the state to dispense with any perceived biological threat to society for the common good, established in 1905 (Jacobson v. Massaschusetts) as the right to “vaccinate and revaccinate” according to the dictates of the state. War Against the Weak further informs readers that the influential Holmes “asserted that the idea of inherent rights [of individuals] was ‘intrinsically absurd’,“  and taught as a matter of course in his 1881 lecture series, The Common Law. Citing statistics kept until the end of 1940, Edwin Black reported that in sum “no fewer than 35,878 men and women had been sterilized or castrated—almost 30,000 of them after Buck v. Bell.” (p123) What is not reported by Mr. Black’s statistics is whether and how many of the numbers of sterilized were committed to institutional life sentences as were Carrie Buck and her mother. Carrie’s daughter Vivian was adopted and assessed to be ‘normal’ in every way and eugenical standards shortly fell out of favor.

Rise of the New Biology, or ‘newgenics,’ rapidly followed: “A concerted physicochemical attack on the gene was initiated at the moment in history when it became unacceptable to advocate social control based on crude eugenic principles.” –p9, The Molecular Vision of Life,[sub-head] Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology by Lily E. Kay, 1993. “During the 1930s a new biology came into being that by the late 1950s was to endow scientists with unprecedented power over life. These three decades culminated in the elucidation of the self-replicating mechanisms of DNA and an explanation of its action in terms of information coding, representations that laid the cognitive foundations for genetic engineering. Scientists could now manipulate genes on the most fundamental level and attempt to control the course of biological and social evolution…[p3]… By defining life in terms of fundamental physicochemical mechanisms, molecular biology ultimately narrowed its principal focus…based on the protein paradigm, the premise that the salient features of life—reproduction, growth, neural function, immunity—could be explained through the structures and functions of proteins. In fact, guided by the protein paradigm, research on antibodies occupied a key position with the new biology. This important chapter, however, has been written out of the history of molecular biology.” –p5, ibid.

Let’s write the antibody chapter back in.

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War Against the Weak concludes with “Eugenics Becomes Genetics” and “Newgenics” chapters [pp411-444]] and a statement from James D. Watson, co-discoverer with Francis Crick of double-helix DNA structure, who “told a British film crew in 2003, ‘If you are really stupid, I would call that a disease. The lower 10 percent who really have difficulty, even in elementary school, what’s the cause of it? A lot of people would like to say, ‘Well, poverty, things like that.’ It probably isn’t. So, I’d like to get rid of that, to help the lower 10 percent.” –p442, War Against the Weak

…….more to come……