[PH:] “I want to take you through some of these egregious measures that are being inflicted on the population in the name of Public Health. If you’re new to my channel, I encourage you to watch my previous videos where I talk about the whole concept of Public Health, which is quite ludicrous to me because there is Public Sanitation and there’s Public Safety but there’s only individual health. I am not responsible for anyone else’s health and they are not responsible for mine. I see this concept of Public Health and public health laws as a massive grab by the government for you –your body; your ability to move, to travel, to work…
…we have to ‘read between the lies’ as I like to say…”
New York (minute4) [document]: “ ‘Quarantine’ shall mean the physical separation and confinement of an individual or groups of individuals who are reasonably determined by the State Commissioner of Health or local health authority to have been exposed to a highly contagious communicable disease, but who do not show signs or symptoms of such disease, for such time as will prevent transmission…”
Florida (minute11) [document]: “ ‘isolation’ means the separation of an individual who is reasonably believed to be infected with a communicable disease from individuals who are not infected… ‘Quarantine’ means the separation of an individual…believed to have been exposed…but is not yet ill…[ As passed into law, a Florida health officer has the legal right of] ordering an individual to be examined, tested, treated, isolated or quarantined for communicable diseases that…present a severe danger to public health… Individuals who are unable or unwilling to be examined, tested or treated for reasons of health, religion or conscience may be subjected to isolation or quarantine… If the individual poses a danger to the public health…the State Health Officer may use any means necessary to treat the individual… Any order of the [Health] department pursuant to this subsection shall be immediately enforceable by a law enforcement officer…”
Hawaii (minute16) [document] “Additional powers in an emergency…Provide for and require the quarantine or segregation of persons who are affected with or believed to have been exposed to any infectious, communicable or other disease that is, in the governor’s opinion, dangerous to the public health and safety, or persons who are the source of other contamination in any case where, in the governor’s opinion, the existing laws are not adequate to assure public health and safety; provide for the care and treatment of the persons…concerning compulsory immunization programs; provide for the isolation of closing of property which is a source of contamination or is in a dangerous condition in any case where, in the governor’s opinion, existing laws are not adequate… and designate as public nuisances [any] acts, practices, conduct or conditions that are dangerous to public health and safety or to property; authorize that public nuisances be summarily abated and, if need be, that the property may be destroyed by any police officer or authorized person…[Provision to] suspend any law that impedes or tends to impede or be detrimental to the expeditious and efficient execution of…emergency functions, including laws which by this chapter specifically are made applicable to emergency personnel… In the event of disaster or emergency…[the governor may] shut off water mains, gas mains, electric power…and to the extent permitted by or under federal law, suspend electronic media transmission; Direct and control the mandatory evacuation of the civiliam population; Exercise additional emergency functions…to prevent hoarding, waste, or destruction of materials, supplies, commodities, accommodations, facilities and services…[and provides authority to take over operations of such premises and services]”
California [document, effective January 1, 1996] “Upon being informed by a health officer of any contagious, infectious or communicable disease the [Health] department may…if it considers it proper, take possession or control of the body of any living person…”
…and from the beaks and claws of corvids, we get more words, like beaker, billet, hook and hammer.
“Beekes considers the ‘crown’ sense as derived from the formally identical Greek word korōnē ‘crow’ (see raven), which, he says, was used metaphorically ‘of all kinds of curved or hook-formed objects.’ ‘Moreover,’ he writes, ‘the metaphorical use of [korōnē] ‘crow’ is nothing remarkable given the use of its cognates …; the metaphors may have originated from the shape of the beak or the claws of the bird.’ Compare Latin corax ‘crow’ also ‘a hooked engine of war,’ French corbeau ‘raven,’ also ‘cantilever;’ English crowbar, etc.” https://www.etymonline.com/word/crown/
Not many people today would consider a language to be technology, but indeed it has ever been: “In the beginning was the Word,” and from the Word poured forth the creation of the world. To name a thing was to know it and make it real (‘royal’)– to reveal and penetrate the mystery of its being, and as the ancients believed, to assume and use the power of that which is named. And so, by naming and realizing the world around us, a vast technology of assumed power was carried in the language of the people as they roamed and survived, invaded, settled and remembered themselves from time immemorial, or better said, from time’s immeasurable memory. Time itself, as a word—crone or chronology—is a gift from the crows, and by this remembrance the ‘crow’ people have carved an immortal desire to carry the technology of time and make a god of it, Cronos –or Saturn– ruling over this world from even the dark, cold remoteness of space. The Crow of time is a great secret; it sees all, knows all, and if it did not create us, it was nevertheless set upon us as a Great Watchman.
Lord Saturn (Shani)
But, I didn’t start this post to talk about time, except to say that Time is speeding up and maybe that’s good. The end of Time, perhaps, is the end of the Crow people and they are not going without a fight—maybe you are Crow people too, from another flock, and fit for the battle. Crows are everywhere, they say. And in the huge composite of letters we call the English language, crows are also everywhere, lurking in the recesses of ancient words and mythologies among the crags of memory. Those words had no place of origin among the 400,000 and more chosen for the Oxford English Dictionary. The brethren of Oxford decided that the language should begin with Middle English, attempting the task for the first time in 1857. Failing to advance their reckoning, the Oxfordians hired James Murray in 1879 to organize a renewed effort, one that outlived Murray himself and took 49 years to complete to a respectable result of ten volumes and 3 feet of shelf space. https://public.oed.com/history/ Unlike most other letter languages, English continues to grow and abandon its over-heavy past, discarding mind, meme, and meaning on the counting-house floor. But the complexity of English is not your burden unless you choose it. Maybe you and yours were never crows. But if you map your genes among the ancient Mediterranean and Indo- European peoples, chances are deep down you’re a crow. And in your memory, if it speaks English, are crow words.
— corona, coroner, croak, croon, crown, crowd, corn, crop, curve, carriage, crave, raven, ravenous, ravine, rook, rock, cranny, cranium, Capricorn, call, Cornish, caucus, Caucasian…. And many, many more.
The Oxford English, despite expanding their lists, were well aware of not having the last (or the first!) word on crow. Interest in the olde meaning of crow words, and the name ‘Coronis’ in particular, was even then in the 1870s, shared in a London medical society text. They were looking for the original meaning of the Rod of Aesculapius (a.k.a. Aesclepius), the crow-god son of Apollo and Coronis, whose serpentstaff had become their emblem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)
The image below comes from reference #5 of the Coronis Wikipedia page: ‘Medical Society of London’—
Aesculapius and others like him were …”sprung from an egg”… “where a serpent in an egg is introduced as a true emblem of this deity… the emblem Coronis must sometimes have had a reference to the same. When it is said of Aesculapius…that the heavenly Coronis produced him to the world: this [twofold meaning] could not relate to the raven…yet could have no concern with his second birth, or with his birth at all. Coronis was certainly a name given by the poets and mythologists to a particular machine: the same in which the gods are supposed to have been enclosed and to have suffered a temporary death. Coronis is accordingly said to have been a vessel or float, whose extremities were equally raised and turned up like a crescent… By Coronis is signified a ship which has its two ends bent and turned up… The name was adapted to vessels of this form, from their representing the lunar emblem, the mystical machine Selene. This was the original Coronis and the name was given from a bird of the sea.”
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The bird-of-the-sea who flew with the dragon-headed ships that carried it were once the Raven-painted sails of the Norsmen who set these oracular birds on the shoulders of their highest lord Odin (Woden).
It is another medical fellowship that preserves the ravens of Odin (‘Thought’ and ‘Memory’) as its emblem, the Society of Radiology, which represents the invading technologies of radiation. Like Odin’s birds returning to their master, they bring secrets out of the darkness and ‘prophesy’ to the fates. A modern irony in the symbolic choice of Thought and Memory is that, like a pirate’s corsair (a crow word), these ray-vens steal for themselves the very substance of the names, causing (more crowish) the loss of both.
Here is one of their own with The Supervoltage Story, or how high-energy particle accelerators came into medical use:
“…let us listen to Munin, our messenger of memory, who with Hugin, the messenger of thought, appear on the heraldry of this Society (Fig. 1). It is good, as I said to this Society now some 15 years ago, from time to time to recall the past beyond the memory of many of us so that we may know of how those things which we accept as commonplace came to be…” The Supervoltage Story , 1974 lecture by Milford D. Schulz, MD https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.124.4.540
Taking Dr. Schulz’s advice, “It is good…from time to time to recall the past beyond the memory of many of us so that we may know of how those things which we accept as commonplace came to be”
No one can say where or when the Crow people originated. Perhaps they were remnants of the great floods that created the Mediterranean. Robert Graves, who had a genius for the Welsh bardic tradition, wrote in his 1946 book The White Goddess, that the Greeks called them Pelasgians, or “seafarers,” whom they conquered or assimilated. Like the Indo-European Greeks who came later, the Pelasgians may have also come from the east through Anatolia and Canaan where they established their legacy of Phoenicia and customized their crow into a Phoenix.
“The Pelasgians claimed to be born from the teeth of the cosmic snake Ophion whom the Great Goddess in her character of Eurynome (‘wide rule’) had taken as her lover, thereby initiating the material Creation; but Ophion and Eurynome are Greek renderings of the original names. They may have called themselves Danaans after the same goddess [of Creation]…” p62, The White Goddess.
The ‘wide rule’ of Eurynome, it appears, was a great circle of interconnecting water systems encompassing the whole of Europe’s landmass from the Arctic, to the inland seas of the Steppe, southward to the Mediterranean and out again to the Atlantic—a clockwork of water and time, remade between the shattering cataclysms of destruction that “ate their children and drank their blood.” In those lost days, survival may have required the abilities of serpents and birds, and to them we look again to initiate Creation.
For the first Crow Show of June –Queen of the World, 2022 Platinum Jubilee – this ‘remote’ Tree lighting illuminated a symbolic snake staff of magenta-to-white from Windsor Castle to Buckingham Palace https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfL9HebGZz0&t=0s
And what does this display of royal pageantry mean?
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For an up-to-date look at the Jubilee show from the mixed-reality denizens of blockchain and ‘social impact’ investing, Alison McDowell writes, “With the rise of synthetic biology and nano-machines, it seems an appropriate time to reflect on the Hermetic tradition and the propensity of power to attempt to mask black magic rites with feeble trappings of fraudulent divine intent. In my opinion such a dynamic was at work here, broad-based attempts to propagandize the world into believing synthetic is natural and sacred. It has everything to do with England’s traditions of scientifically managed breeding, including Galton and eugenics…” https://wrenchinthegears.com/2022/06/23/magenta-at-dusk-and-the-royal-beacon-of-decarbonization-synthetic-pretenders-part-10/
Tree of Life from T-mobile?
What I see in the logo is a couple of twin cube bits (qubits) floating in alignment with this white T, hanging together on invisible threads –entangled in magenta perpetuity (‘magen’ means ‘king’). The Internet of Bodies and Things, they’re telling us, is a vast phenomenon of quantum computing—a bio-digital convergence that is re-generating the world, re-generating economies, and resetting the scope of human activity. The New Creation story no longer depends on us “coming down from the trees,” which is still a metaphor for human origins, but as shown in the Jubilee, injecting their lit-bit entanglements up the tree. Undeniably, this is a re-versal of our creation story.
The Great Mother of the sea-bird folk has come down to us in myriad forms and symbols but are all representations of the Womb of Creation. She is the Tree of Life, a ‘twin’ creator in Bronze Age conception, and as Robert Graves reveals, the giver of language and letters. In the opening chapters of The White Goddess, Graves expands on the interpretation of a holy riddle called The Battle of the Trees, the ‘battle’ order (and calendar) of an ancient alphabet that conveys sacred knowledge of the Goddess. He also tells us that “the Pelasgians were called Dioi (‘divine’) because they alone of all the Greeks preserved the use of letters after the Deluge” –p226, ibid. In this generic sense of Pelasgians, it was they who spread the practice of writing and symbolizing speech– again. The Hero who fathered them, Phoroneus, was a primordial Prometheus whose ‘phor’ in his name was the ‘fire’ of thought and memory, “and who had for a mother the essential spirit of the very earth of Argos herself, Argia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoroneus
Argeia, meaning ‘dazzling white,’ is the White Goddess who mated with the titan river-god Inachus in her aspect of an Ash Tree nymph. Phoroneus’s sister Io “became Isis when she reached Egypt” (Graves p232) bringing the Letters (‘oracles’) with her to the Egyptians. A result of this transfer, and others like it, may be seen in the Demotic script https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian) and cuneiform Armana Letters, created in the time of Akhenaton (mid-14th century BCE) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters
Technology among the settlers of the Mediterranean transitioned in this period to the Iron Age and “ the beginning of the historiographical record…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age; from which we learn that Phoroneus became the Kronos of Olympia, a primordial Hero who invented fire, founded the Law, and was celebrated at the Spring Equinox.
“It has not yet been established when people first began worshipping at Olympia. However, archaeological finds show that the area was at least settled from the 3rd millennium B.C. It is also known that the first Sanctuary was the Gainon, which was found at the foot of Kronos hill and was dedicated to Gaia (Earth), the wife of Ouranos (Heaven). That was also, as it is said, the most ancient oracle of Olympia.” https://www.gtp.gr/LocInfo.asp?infoid=49&PrimeCode=EGRGIL10OLYOLY00041&PrimeLevel=10&LocId=60975
“In Greek mythology, Cronus, Cronos, or Kronos (/ˈkroʊnəs/ or /ˈkroʊnɒs/, from Greek: Κρόνος, Krónos) was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of the primordialGaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarus” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus “Tartarus is both a deity and a place in the underworld. In ancient Orphic sources and in the mystery schools, Tartarus is also the unbounded first-existing entity from which the Light and the cosmos are born… third of the primordial deities, following after Chaos and Gaia… offspring of Aether and Gaia.”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartarus Graves tells us that “Tar” in the Aegean tongue means “west” and “the dying sun… The reduplication tar-tar, meaning the far, far west, has evidently given Tartara, the land of the dead, its name.”—p372, The White Goddess
As Greeks displaced Pelasgians, the descendents of Kronos divided and moved west to ancient Iberia (Portugal and Spain), north to Thrace and Gaul or remained and assimilated, elaborating the pantheon of the sacred Crow from where the goddess Coronis made her match with Apollo, mothering the Asclepiads of therapeutic arts and secrets. “Apollo was not at that time a Sun-god, but an Underworld oracular hero…herdsman to…the Minyan king of Pherae in Thessaly…” –p141, ibid.
“Neptune pursuing Coronis who is changed into a crow,” 1590, by Hendrick Goltzius
“The first Greeks to invade Greece were the Achaeans who broke into Thessaly about 1900 BC; they were patriarchal herdsmen and worshipped an Indo-European male trinity of gods, originally perhaps Mitra, Varuna and Indra… subsequently called Zeus, Poseidon and Hades. Little by little they conquered the whole of Greece and tried to destroy the semi-matriarchal Bronze Age civilization that they found there, but later compromised with it, accepted matrilinear succession and enrolled themselves as sons of the variously named Great Mother… [The] Achaeans who had occupied Argolis now also took the name of Danaans and also became seafarers [p62]… The Aeolian Greeks invaded Thessaly from the north…settled down amicably with the Achaean Danaans and became known as the Minyans [p63]…[And] about 1250 BC a distinction arose between the Achaean Danaans and other less civilized Achaeans…who invaded the Peloponnese, founded a new patriarchal dynasty, repudiated the sovereignty of the Great Goddess and instituted the familiar Olympian pantheon ruled over by Zeus… suggest[ing] religious revolution [that] was at first strongly resisted by the Danaans and Pelasgians… Poseidon the ash[tree]-god and Zeus the oak-god were both once armed with thunderbolts; but when the Achaeans humbled the Aeolians [minyans], Poseidon’s bolt was converted into a trident or fish spear and Zeus reserved the sole right to wield the bolt… The original Danaans may well have come up to the Aegean from Lake Tritonis in Libya… though it is unlikely that they were so called until they reached Syria… We may further identify Danu with the Mother-goddess of the Aegean ‘Danuna,’ a people who about the year 1200 BC, according to contemporary Egyptian inscriptions, invaded Northern Syria in company with…other Eastern Mediterranean peoples. To the Egyptians these were all ‘Peoples of the Sea’…forced by the pressure of the new Indo-European horde to emigrate… ” –p64, The White Goddess.
Robert Graves: “Since the close connexion here suggested between ancient British, Greek, and Hebrew religion will not be easily excepted, I wish to make it immediately clear that I am not a British Israelite… My reading of the case is that at different periods in the second millennium B.C. a confederacy of mercantile tribes, called in Egypt ‘the People of the Sea’, were displaced from the Aegean…[and] that some of these wandered north along already established trade-routes, and eventually reached Britain and Ireland; and that others wandered west…[with] some elements reaching Ireland by way of North Africa and Spain. Still others invaded Syria and Canaan, among them the Philistines who captured the shrine of Hebron in southern Judea from the Edomite clan… These borrowings were eventually harmonized in the Pentateuch with a body of Semitic, Indo-European and Asianic myth which composed the religious traditions of the mixed Israelite confederacy. The connexion then, between the early myths of the Hebrews, Greeks, and the Celts is that [they] were civilized by the same Aegean people…And this is not of merely antiquarian interest, for the popular appeal of modern Catholicism is, despite the patriarchal Trinity and the all-male priesthood, based rather on the Aegean Mother-and-son religious tradition…than on its Aramaean or Indo-European ‘warrior-god’ elements.” –p61, ibid.
Indeed, the Great Mother gives birth to the son who becomes her husband and hero: In ancient Syria she is Asherah (Astarte, Ashteroth), wife of EL, represented as a wooden “pole”, mast, or staff. In Asherah’s icons a ‘tree’ is typically carved on her belly—the word belly deriving from her son(s) Bel, Baal, Belinus—and we would recognize her cognates in the sacred ASH tree: “In Greece the ash was sacred to Poseidon, the second god of the Achaean trinity…”(p176, ibid.)
The brothers of Zeus, Poseidon and Hades, were both eventually given ‘trident’ fish-spears to wield, beginning with the diminution of Poseidon, “and Zeus reserved the sole right to wield the Bolt.” In Greek, the letter ‘Psi’ reveals the fish spear which today is heraldry for Psychology and numerous other applications, for example, denoting ‘pseudo-uracil’ as a form of ribonucleic acid in mRNA. We saw the fish spear Letter earlier in the hands of Lord Saturn the crow. In the lands of letters we see Psi becoming three: U, I, and Y, but in its simplest observation there is a tree with three branches.
“Pseudouridine (abbreviated by the Greek letter psi- Ψ)[1] is an isomer of the nucleosideuridine in which the uracil is attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond. (In this configuration, uracil is sometimes referred to as ‘pseudouracil’.) Pseudouridine is the most abundant RNA modification in cellular RNA… Ψ is found in the large and small ribosomal subunits of all domains of life and their organelles… When pseudouridine is used in place of uridine in synthetic mRNA, the modified mRNA molecule arouses less response from Toll-like receptors, a part of the human immune system that would otherwise identify the mRNA as unwelcome. This makes pseudouridine useful in mRNA vaccines, including the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This property of pseudouridine was discovered by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in 2005.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudouridine
The team of ‘Kariko-Weissman’ that discovered this stealthy property of pseudouracil in RNA would probably not appreciate me pointing out that their combined names carry the meaning of ‘White Crow’. In birdland today, a white crow or raven is considered a mutation but in origin stories of crows they were all once white until cast into a fire and roasted black.
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The HARBINGER implicit in this message from the crows, coded deeply into our collective consciousness by symbols and myth, is the ongoing subject of this post as Corona the Crow continues. In a tie-in with magenta-to-white of the T-mobile logo, calling it “New Magenta” as they do, one of a few anagrams from New Magenta is “want Ma gene”– a ‘mother’ seed-of-change from the Technocracy.
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In the Mother tongue, ‘charcoal’ is a compound crow word of “carbonaceous material obtained by heating an organic substance, as wood, in the absence of air” (from the Webster’s on my shelf), producing a useful product from the fire that is also called a ‘cherry’, or fruit of the firey wood. On nature’s terms, coals are the harvest of ashes and soot, survivors of holo-causts that can be carried away as seeds of new fires. In the naming of things (‘taxonomy’) we give the cherry-(carbon)-ASH-seed-coals to the family of birds called “Craticus” –the ‘calling’ birds, who in their flight of exodus (‘colare’ in Latin) carry ‘fire’ out into the world. By the fanciful expansion of sacred language ( as in ‘chola’, or ‘cola’) the name (Saint) Nicholas—Santa Claus— conjures a crow visit on one of the most sacred calendar nights of the year—the ‘darkest’ and coldest of days in the north. To the English, he was ‘old King Cole.’ To their ancestors, he was Saturn (Set, Satan, or ‘soot’), Lord Chronos the timekeeper, and his party was called Saturnalia. https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=cole
American schoolchildren have traditionally learned that the Father of the Nation, George Washington, chopped down a cherry tree as a child of six, and though ‘wrong’ in doing so he was reconciled to hisfather by telling the truth. As one of the most celebrated secret-society Freemasons in history, the falsity of this tale is one to reckon with. Children all over it seems are subject to a version of Santa Claus, whether or not he enters by the fireplace, in the great make-believe of being ‘everywhere, all at once’ and knowing what they deserve. Good children get presents in their stockings and bad ones get lumps of coal, perhaps in the old days well aware that it meant violating the catechism of good behavior. Do we give lumps of coal to kids today, or do we give them cell phones for good behavior?—amounting to much the same psychic result of casting them into the fire for remaking:
“ ‘Almost all people of all eras are hypnotics. Their beliefs are induced beliefs. The proper authorities saw to it that the proper belief should be induced, and people believed properly.’ –Charles Fort… In a study of mind control and psychological warfare, it is not enough to simply review the latest technology of coercion… Far more dangerous than these appliances is the praxis behind them, the underground current which informs the modern project and this modern era. For life in our modern era is little more than life in an open-air mind control laboratory where a form of human alchemy has emerged to transform the mass of targeted percipients—targeted merely by virtue of their being urban dwellers plugged into the electronic and digital pageantry of the Establishment’s system-of-things.”—pp18-19, Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare, by Michael A. Hoffman II, 2001
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Oracular crow words related to the fire-stone “cherry” are virtually too many to name but in the most singular sense represent the Maidenhead and rites of the Great Mother. We get the words church, chore, cherish, charm, charisma, charade, and chariot; the body (corpus) parts cervix, cortex, cerebrum, cornea, cochlea, coronary and cervical structures and chakras with the practice of body worship (can we say ‘warship’?) in service (Crow for ‘cherry’) to the godhead. https://www.etymonline.com/word/cherry
…and do we not also practice “Psi”-ence in the worship of our god-selves?
“The original notion in the Latin verb probably is “to separate one thing from another, to distinguish,” or else “to incise.” This is related to scindere “to cut, divide” (from PIE root *skei- “to cut, split;” source also of Greek skhizein “to split, rend, cleave,” Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan “to divide, separate”).” https://www.etymonline.com/word/science
The equivalence of Science from its ancient roots evolved from ‘scythe’ (‘scithe’), ‘sword’, ‘scion’, ‘scier’ and ‘sek’: The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) use of ‘sek’ is suggested in the Hittite word ‘shakk’, or “to know,” and the Lithuanian word ‘isekti’ which means “to engrave, carve,” and rather tellingly associated by sound and spelling to the Old French ‘scier’(’sier’) meaning ‘saw’. “Since the Middle Ages, it was carried by personifications of Time and Death.”https://www.etymonline.com/word/scythe
TIME and DEATH
“Where Does the Grim Reaper Come From? The Grim Reaper is a psychopomp: a creature (in this case, roughly human in form) that guides departed souls to the afterlife. Throughout history, there have been numerous psychopomps, from other human versions to animals, like ravens. Compared to ancient angels of death, the Grim Reaper is a relatively recent addition… It’s thought that the Grim Reaper appeared in around the 14th century when a specific historical…event known as the Black Death or simply “the plague” changed the way the average person viewed death… Additionally, the Grim Reaper is often pictured floating or flying, rather than simply walking. This mimics the ways in which the death gods of eras past got around, including the Valkyries, who hovered above battlefields.” https://www.joincake.com/blog/grim-reaper/
The Coroner
Little imagination appends to our progress in defining TIME and DEATH as a heritage of “cut, slash, and burn” science. Kitchens and washrooms have become our modern laboratories and the domain of skillful ‘cleavers’ (clever) in their arts. A personal joke of mine is to mentally refer to Pierre and Marie Curie and their friends as the Val-Curies, whose contributions to 20th century science can hardly be overstated. Ironically perhaps, “Curie” is straight from the Crow lexicon: “ ‘Cure’…from Old Latin coira-, a noun of unknown origin…[which has evolved to] cura ‘care, concern, trouble,’ or… In reference to fish, pork, etc., ‘prepare for preservation by drying, salting, etc.,’” to which we might add smoking, charring, boiling and canning in our acts of preservation. https://www.etymonline.com/word/cure To this end, the modern model derived from antiquity is to build great labyrinths of stores for bodies and minds; catacombs, cemeteries, hospitals, libraries, and schools, over which bureaucrats, democrats, and aristocrats are called to rule. In medieval times, the great gothic cathedral itself was a ‘curation’ for the body-and-soul of the community. In all these places, we are meant to be secured and safely lost to the outside world to attain a sacred purpose –to be found, in oneself, transformed and completed.
History’s most celebrated labyrinth lies below the palace of Knossos on the island of Crete from where the legend of Theseus and the Minotaur, the bull-headed creature of Minos, was born. In short, Theseus of Athens posed as a sacrificial ‘tribute’ to the powerful Minoans in order to kill the labyrinth-dwelling Minotaur and end the tributary practice of Crete. The word ‘labyrinth’ is generally agreed to derive from ‘labrys’, a ceremonial double-headed axe which “is not a weapon and always accompanies women” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrys , having its likeliest origin from Labraunda in the Anatolian province of Caria. The eastern Carians may be the oldest settlers of Crete, dating back to 7000BC, and builders of the labyrinth which the palace of Knossus supplanted. The evident ‘T’ shape of the labrys and associated bull—cow mother from the Age of Taurus—identifies a matriarchal culture. As a daughter of the Moon (Pasifae) from Crete, and half-sister to the Minotaur, the goddess Ariadne was carried to the far reaches of Europe where her legacy in Wales became Arianrhod, and her abode in the sky named “Corona Borealis” –as Robert Graves explains, “Arianrhod is one more more aspect of Caridwen, or Cerridwen, the White Goddess of Life-in-Death and Death-in-Life; and to be in the Castle of Arianrhod is to be in a royal purgatory awaiting resurrection. For in primitive European belief it was only kings, chieftains and poets, or magicians, who were privileged to be reborn. Countless other less distinguished souls wandered disconsolately in the icy grounds of the Castle, as yet uncheered by the Christian hope of universal resurrection.” –p98, The White Goddess.
Does this constellation look like a crown? Or a set of horns? Note from the Wikipedia link that “Among the Bedouins, the constellation was known as qaṣʿat al-masākīn (قصعة المساكين), or “the dish/bowl of the poor people”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Borealis —
As a bowl, cup or cauldron, the Womb of creation is once again the sacred object from which the most valiant servants are recycled and born again. The Bronze Age dispersion of Crow people saw ‘new’ funerary practices brought into central Europe which included cremation and the collection of ashes in urns, considered a cultural innovation called “Urnfield” (13th c.BC) and descriptive of people who made ceremonial use of cauldrons. One of the most famous cauldrons in art history is a first century artifact known as the Gundestrup Cauldron, found in Denmark 1891 and assumed to be originally forged in the Balkans where it once had glass eyes. Gundestrup is an impressive treat for your eyes: On the first panel shown here the goddess and her wheels suggest a Cinderella carriage. The second shows the recycling warriors emerging from the immortal urn on horse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron
“A valkyrie (pronounced “VAL-ker-ee”; Old Norsevalkyrja, plural valkyrjur, “choosers of the fallen”) is a female helping spirit of the god Odin. The modern image of the valkyries as elegant, noble maidens bearing dead heroes to Valhalla is largely accurate for what it is, but a highly selective portrayal that exaggerates their pleasant qualities… As far as we today can tell, the valkyries have always had such characteristics, but in heathen times they were far more sinister. The meaning of their name, “choosers of the slain,” refers not only to their choosing who gains admittance to Valhalla, but also to their choosing who dies in battle… The Saga of the Volsungs compares beholding a valkyrie to “staring into a flame.”…. https://norse-mythology.org/gods-and-creatures/valkyries/
“When her husband was killed [1906] in a road accident just two years after their second daughter was born, Marie was grief-struck. The University of Paris offered her Pierre’s faculty position making Marie the first female professor there… She was determined to get the Radium Institute, which she’d founded, up and running. When World War began, Marie contributed along with the help of her daughter Irene (who would later win a Nobel Prize herself) by setting up radiological centreson the battlefields. As the director of the Red Cross’s Radiology Service, she set up hundreds of radiological units and mobile radiological vehicles just in the first year of the war…” https://thewire.in/science/marie-curies-birth-anniversary-lets-question-social-evils-battled-exist-even-today ;
Pierre Curie was killed by a fast-moving horse-drawn wagon as he stepped off a curb into a rainy Paris street near the Sorbonne in 1906. He was by then distracted and made ill by radiation. His 1903 Nobel legacy speech left us these words: “It is possible to conceive that in criminal hands radium might prove very dangerous, and the question therefore arises whether it be to the advantage of humanity to know the secrets of nature, whether we be sufficiently mature to profit by them, or whether that knowledge may not prove harmful. Take for instance, the discoveries of Nobel—powerful explosives have made it possible for men to achieve admirable things, but they are also a terrible means of destruction in the hands of those great criminals who draw nations into war. I am among those who believe with Nobel that humanity will obtain more good than evil from future discoveries.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1891197/
In 1995, amid high ceremony and national pride, the Curies were exhumed from their humble churchyard graves and prepared for re-interment in the great Pantheon of Paris. As she was the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne in life, Marie was the first woman at the Pantheon in death. Their radioactive remains lay sealed in lead-lined sarcophaguses, deep in the labyrinthine crypt: “ their remains are quite unique: When they were disinterred from their original resting place, they were so radioactive that they were interred in the Pantheon in inch-thick lead coffins that prevent the radiation from harming those who come to honor them…with radium 226, the most stable isotope of radium that has a half-life of approximately 1,500 years, their remains will stay dangerously radioactive for at least that long.” https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/02/27/marie-curie/?firefox=1 Longer, in fact, if the “times ten” rule-of-thumb for half-lives is applied, this Ave Maria will chirp 15,000 years into the future.
Crypt of the Curies in the Pantheon of Paris
“The Latin Cronos was called Saturn and in his statues he was armed with a pruning-knife crooked like a crow’s bill: probably a rebus on his name. For though the later Greeks liked to think that the name meant chronos, ‘time’, because any very old man was humorously called ‘Cronos’, the more likely derivation is from the same root cron or corn that gives the Greek and Latin words for crow—corone and cornix. The crow was a bird much consulted by augurs and symbolic, in Italy as in Greece, of long life.” –p66, The White Goddess.
“The carrion crow (Corvus corone) is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae and the genus Corvus which is native to western Europe and the eastern Palearctic… and it still bears its original name of Corvus corone.[2] The binomial name is derived from the Latincorvus, “raven”,[3] and Greek κορώνη korōnē, “crow”.[4] The hooded crow, formerly regarded as a subspecies, has been split off as a separate species…and it has been proposed they could have evolved independently in the wetter, maritime regions at the opposite ends of the Eurasian landmass.[5] Along with the hooded crow, the carrion crow occupies a similar ecological niche in Eurasia to the American crow (C. brachyrhynchos) in North America…The plumage of the carrion crow is black with a green or purple sheen, much greener than the gloss of the rook. The bill, legs and feet are also black. It can be distinguished from the common raven by its size… Scientific classification: Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Class Aves; Order Passeriformes; Family Corvidae; Genus Corvus; Species; C. corone…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion_crow
aviary (n.)
1570s, from Latin aviarium “place in which birds are kept,” neuter of aviarius “of birds,” from avis “bird,” from PIE root *awi- “bird”…*awi- also might be the source of *wyo, *yyo, Proto-Indo-European words for “egg” …the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vih, Avestan vish, Latin avis “bird;” Greek aietos “eagle;” Old Church Slavonic aja, Russian jajco, Breton ui, Welsh wy, Greek ōon, Latin ovum, Old Norse egg, Old High German ei, Gothic ada all meaning “egg.” https://www.etymonline.com/word/aviary
The literal root-word meaning of “ave Maria” is bird-of-the-sea:
“In medieval poetry the Virgin Mary was plainly identified with the Muse [Triple Goddess]…in charge of the Cauldron of Cerridwen… The medieval Brigit shared the Muse-ship with…’Mary Gipsy’ or St. Mary of Egypt… This charming Virgin with the blue robe and pearl necklace was the ancient pagan Sea-goddess Marian in transparent disguise… Marian is the merry-maid, as ‘mermaid’ was once written… Every initiate of the Eleusinian Mysteries, which were of Pelasgian origin, went through a love rite with her representative after taking a cauldron bath… The Greeks called her Aphrodite (‘risen from sea foam’)…[and she] can be identified with the Moon-goddess Eurynome [‘wide rule’] whose statue…in Arcadia was a mermaid carved in wood.” –pp393-395, The White Goddess.
A curious turn of language for ‘cauldron’ in Welsh is the word ‘pair’ (or ‘peir’) and a secondary form ‘mair’, both translations for cauldron, according to Graves’s source. Their French homophones ‘pere’ and ‘mere’ describe parents, and interestingly, provide roots to the names Pierre and Marie which could otherwise be associated to ‘rock’ and ‘water’– an elemental pairing of the primal Earth itself. Or herself, as any sea bird would know. Perhaps in this ‘first couple’ of the Paris Pantheon, exhumed for the New Age Millenium, we have a Revelation of the Method that Michael Hoffman describes as the Alchemical Processing of Humanity:
“The occult Cryptocracy processes the Group Mind of the masses through psychodrama. The alchemical and Rosicrucian command dogmas were literary works… The narrative, the plot, the characters and symbolism all constitute the imprinting that is one of the highest functions of cere-mon[y]… There is a dark poetry to ritual…, to twilight language, to the fantastic convergences known as coincidence. Most ‘conspiracy researchers’ miss these. The best investigator –of the occult or of almost anything else—has a child-like sense of curiosity and wonder about seemingly mundane things. John Stilgoe, professor of Landscape History at Harvard University, in his book Outside Lies Magic, writes of the ‘ordinary’ in our lives: ‘The whole concatenation of wild and artificial things, the natural ecosystem as modified by people over the centuries, the built environment layered over layers… becomes the theater that intrigues… fascinates… and above all expands any mind focused on it. Outside lies utterly ordinary space open to any casual explorer willing to find the extraordinary. Outside lies unprogrammed awareness…” –p7, Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare, 2001, Michael A. Hoffman II.
We could all be averaging 500mpg without reinventing combustion motors– better yet, the vapor fuel design emits ZERO pollution. Watch the documentary ‘Gashole’
When I see news about the price of gas or commercials for new cars and trucks touting twenty-or-thirty-something miles per gallon (or particularly during a shortage, outage, energy disaster or smog test!), it makes me think of Tom Ogle and his vapor-fuel system. I read about Tom a few years ago and his story becomes ever more poignant for its place in geopolitics and time.
Ron Laytner wrote, “In 1978 I first interviewed Tom Ogle who created a device replacing the carburetor [that] allowed his 4,000 pound car to get 100 miles per gallon… Four years later Tom, at age 24, was in his grave and his invention, buried.” So Laytner is asking, “Did the world not go green because of a murder?…Tom said the 100mpg..was only the beginning of his newfound fuel efficiency.”
“Tom felt confident that on the smaller, lighter cars..he could get nines times as much. That means..900 miles per gallon… ‘This is no hoax’, said Dr. Hawkins [Texas A&M engineer PhD, who approved and supported Tom’s system], ‘Ogle eliminated the carburetor and achieved what the gasoline internal combustion engine was supposed to do all along –to operate off fumes’… Seventy years ago Canadian Charles Nelson Pogue made headlines long before Tom Ogle when he drove a 1932 Ford 200 miles on a single gallon of gas…proved..in a test for The Ford Motor Company in Winnipeg…” http://www.editinternational.com/read.php?id=482881ba117d7 ; Pogue’s story: http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/energy-news/?page_id=986
If Henry Ford was impressed in 1932, it was a complement by design when he unveiled his “Soybean Car”, made with soy-based plastic panels, “on August 13, 1941 at Dearborn Days..community festival… The car weighed 2000 lbs [1,000 less than his other models]… The exact ingredients of the plastic..are unknown because no record of the formula exists today… [Ford] also claimed that the plastic panels made the car safer than traditional steel cars; and that the car could even roll over without being crushed.” http://www.thehenryford.org/research/soybeancar.aspx . Ford’s early cars were designed to run on alcohol.
Then there’s Rudolf Diesel who invented his motor to run on peanut oil. Diesel disappeared from a train ride and was found dead 10 days later.
Laytner points out that another young American inventor who designed a dune buggy to run on water died at the height of his expectant success: “Stanley Allen Meyer..had twenty patents on many water-fueled inventions.”
GASHOLE from 2008 is a fine documentary as these things go, and worth every minute of your time but it’s not without a few major holes of its own. At one hour and 9 minutes it mentions PeakOil, a subject much talked about after 9-11, brought to my personal attention by Mike Ruppert and his website “From the Wilderness,” as I was catching on. Ruppert passed away in 2014 but From the Wilderness is still online here http://www.fromthewilderness.net/
The man who ‘authored’ the Peak Oil scenario in 1956 was Shell Oil Co. geologist Marion King Hubbert and he was tutored in the Peak Oil perspective by the US Atomic Energy Commission, in preparation for the 1956 conference of the American Petroleum Institute. What seems highly relevant about Hubbert today is that in 1932 at Columbia University he was one of the 2-man cofounders of Technocracy Inc. Note that in that ‘Gashole’, it was the Shell scientists who achieved the “1000 miles per gallon’ breakthrough.
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Here’s another 2012 repost from this blog, part of the JFK Conspiracy Con posts, which originates from my point of view of the crippling disease polio caused by radiation poisoning and the urgency in the ‘50s to bring the oil majors into nuclear industry.
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PEAK OIL, lowering the boom
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 set a plan in motion to put nuclear power into private hands, which the AEC launched by building the first commercial energy reactor in Shippingport Pennsylvania, ceremoniously inaugerated on May 26 of 1955, which was just after the “Cutter Incident” as the Salk polio vaccine was released on the public, during Operation Teapot at NTS. Lewis Strauss was invited to speak at Shippingport’s start-up: “In the course of a brief remark, I ventured a prediction that nuclear power plants of much greater size and more sophisticated technology would soon be built.” [p324, Men and Decisions]. At the same time, a Shell Oil Co. geologist named Marion King Hubbert began working for the Atomic Energy Commission. As Hubbert recalled it: “In the summer…spring and summer of 1955, I had begun service and had a couple of preliminary meetings [with] the Advisory Committee of the..Atomic Energy Commission on Waste Disposal. Land Nuclear Waste Disposal… In the course of those hearings, I had obtained information which I had not had before on the magnitude of the energy that could be obtained from fission… previously I’d regarded nuclear energy as unpromising because of the scarcity ofuranium and thorium… So, this awareness of the magnitude of energy..changed the picture in my mind… So that, in turn, reflected on my previous analysis of energy based on fossil fuels.
“Some time in the fall of 1955…I was on a trip to Denver on company business..[and] encountered one of the Shell production engineers whom Iknew from Houston, and we had breakfast together… [He] remarked that he was..chairman of the program committee of the forthcoming American Petroleum Institute meeting..in March. And they were looking for someone who could give them a broad brush picture of the overall world energy situation…”
According to the website, www.mkinghubbert.com , Hubbert had only recently obtained sufficient information from the AEC to give a presentation, and “at the time he was convinced that atomic energy was a viable source for future world energy needs [though] Hubbert did ultimately change his mind.” Later in life, when this interview took place, Hubbert’s opinion of nuclear power was “the sooner we get rid of it the better off we’re going to be.” Nevertheless, Hubbert carried the torch for Peak Oil (that reserves would ‘peak’ in 1970 and thereafter decline toward a global shortage) from the time of his March 1956 presentation to the API in San Antonio and for the rest of his life. John F. Kennedy almost caused Peak Oil to become undone by marginalizing Hubbert in favor of a USGS report stating there was plenty of oil. Hubbert also later said of his Peak Oil theory that “there was not a lot of analysis that went into it” but he still defended it. In 1964, Hubbert quit Shell and went to work for the USGS… “this led to a 1967..paper showing that discoveries..were declining..back to within the original [1956 predicted range]… The U.S. peaked in 1970.” http://mkinghubbert.com/about/prediction
[1] The theory of the abyssal abiogenic origin of petroleum is a significant part of the modern scientific theories dealing with the formation of hydrocarbons. These theories include the identification of natural hydrocarbon systems, the physical processes leading to their terrestrial concentration, and the dynamic processes controlling the migration of that material into geological reservoirs of petroleum. The theory of the abyssal abiogenic origin of petroleum recognizes that natural gas and petroleum are primordial materials of deep origin which have migrated into the Earth’s crust. Experimental results and geological investigations presented in this article convincingly confirm the main postulates of the theory and allow us to reexamine the structure, size, and locality distributions of the world’s hydrocarbon reserves.
Article by Sir Robert Watson Watt. “Four Supreme Human Freedoms”
[edited] …”the Articles of the Universal Declaration [of Human Rights] primarily delineate a solid foundation of bodily and material securities on which must rest the supreme freedoms of Articles 18, 19, 26 and 27… I go so far as to select from within those Articles which I regard as the keystones of its arch. Article 18 declares that ‘Everyone has the right to freedom of thought –to change his belief—to manifest his belief in teaching, practice—‘, [and] Article 19 declares that ‘Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression –to hold opinions without interferences –to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers’… Article 26 declares that ‘Everyone has the right to education –directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms—to promote understanding, tolerance, and friendship.’ Article 27 [is declared as] freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.’ Article 26 is, in fact, the radical antidote to this disease of restrictive practices…”
For the record, UNCTED, the counter-terrorism directorate, was initiated by a series of resolutions begun in 1998 following the bombing of two US embassies on August 7 (1998) in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. The UN has a third operating headquarters in Nairobi Kenya, in addition to New York and Geneva.
The CTEDirectorate was put in place as a working committee (CTC) on September 28, 2001 in response to 9-11, following a 5-minute convention to ratify Resolution 1373 and ‘recertified’ on March 26, 2004 which is two weeks after the Madrid train bombings (March 11, 2004) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065101/
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“The UnitedNations Office at Nairobi, the UN headquarters in Africa, was established by the General Assembly in 1996…” https://www.unon.org/
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“On August 7, 1998, nearly simultaneous bombs blew up in front of the American embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and DaresSalaam, Tanzania. Two hundred and twenty-four people died in the blasts …” https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/east-african-embassy-bombings There’s a handy toggle at this FBI site to compare the damages to Oklahoma City if you’re inclined.
…”The FBI was able to quickly link the attacks to bin Laden’s al Qaida organization. In retaliation, President Clinton ordered airstrikes against sites linked to bin Laden in Sudan and Afghanistan. However, this action failed to kill bin Laden or neutralize al Qaida. In November 1998, the United States indicted bin Ladin and 21 other accomplices for the attacks… [The Clinton Library has] materials regarding Mullah Mohammad Omar, the founder and spiritual leader of the Taliban, and Osama bin Laden. Under Omar’s direction, the Taliban provided sanctuary to al Qaida and its leader Osama bin Laden despite demands by the United Nations Security Council that he be handed over for trial for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings… “ https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/embassy-bombings
From here, sniff out the mission creeps… It may have something to do with the US Congress rejecting United Nations control over the internet in 2012. The UN has governance over LEO satellites and Tucows (yes, “two cows”, formerly Infonautics) was going big and wireless in 2012. According to wikipedia, Tucows, operating out of Toronto, is “the second-largest domain registrar worldwide” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucows
About the same time in 2012, UN was ratifying its Berlin Space Protocol
*In 2012, the “PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO SPACE ASSETS” or Berlin Space Protocol, aiming at helping bring much-needed financial resources to the New Space community, namely those small start-up companies that have emerged as a result of the booming commercial space sector, was concluded. It constitutes the third protocol to the Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment…”
UNIDROIT –for harmonization and unification of private law—is an independent intergovernmental organization that prepares and convenes contractual agreements. Originally established in Rome 1926 as an advisory group to the League of Nations, UNIDROIT was reorganized in 1940 to continue its work in the present. This ‘group’ will likely prepare agreements and contracts governing satellites.
In December (2-4) 2019, the UN convened to prepare cybersecurity documents as a function of its disarmament protocols, a “first ever” convention of its type, according to this Microsoft doc https://www.un.org/disarmament/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/protecting-people-in-cyberspace-december-2019.pdf however, Microsoft notes that, “Discussions about the role of international law have been part of UN cybersecurity discussions since 1998. In the 2013 GGE (Group of Governmental Experts) report, 15 states’ representatives agreed that (a) international law, including the UN Charter, applies to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); and (b) applying that law is ‘essential’ to maintaining peace and stability…”
Microsoft, a nongovernmental participant in the Group of Governmental Experts, claims its experience of the ‘threat landscape’ is one in which “We see this firsthand every day where our Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) and other security teams work to analyze trillions of signals to identify…and protect our customers… Our security researchers have been able to observe trends in tactics, techniques, and processes…”
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Background on automated AI surveillance begins in 1971:
ojs.aaai.org › index › aimagazine
“DARPA’s pioneering research on automatic transcription, translation, and content analysis were major artificial intelligence success stories that changed science fiction into social fact. During a 40 year period, 10 seminal DARPA programs produced breakthrough capabilities that were further improved and widely deployed in popular consumer products… [Those] programs from 1971 through 2011… demonstrate[d] systems that could recognize unrehearsed spontaneous speech from an open population, a task many of us believed was impossible in our lifetime.”
–It began with the research plan known as ‘SUR’ (Speech Understanding Research), leading to a text analysis program in 1991 called TIPSTER.
“Since its beginning in 1991, the TIPSTER Program has sponsored multiple efforts to advance text handling technologies and deploy the resulting advanced capabilities into the workplace. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have jointly funded and managed the program, in close collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Naval Command Control Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC). A TIPSTER advisory Board was recently formed with members representing users from other Government agencies interested in automated text processing, such as Department of Energy (DOE), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), National Science Foundation (NSF), Treasury Department and other Government agencies.
“The Architecture has been designed to meet a large number of text handling requirements for CIA, DIA, and NSA… However, it meets only those requirements having to do with Document Detection and Information Extraction functions. Requirements for other functions, such as Machine Translation or Optical Character Recognition must be met outside the TIPSTER Architecture.
“As of 1996 several TIPSTER applications were either underway or in the planning process. The most significant of these included PRIDES, ADEPT, NDIC Pilot, and Hookah. The TIPSTER User Interface Toolkit, or TUIT, is a toolkit for producing multilingual text.”
441,449 LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES Operating, Approved and Proposed While the attention of a terrified world has been riveted on a virus, and while concern about radiation has been focused on 5G on the ground, the assault on the heavens has reached astronomical proportions. During the past two years, the number of satellites circling the earth has increased from 2,000 to 4,800, and a flood of new projects has brought the number of operating, approved, and proposed satellites to at least 441,449. And that number only includes low-earth-orbit (LEO)satellites that will reside in the ionosphere…
Low earth orbiters, from “operating” to “proposed”, is a one hundred-fold increase!!
Watch this 2019 42minute documentary, (already ‘dated’ in its assessment of only ‘thousands’ of satellites) called ‘Internet from Space’ describing the equipment and skills needed to maintain a single system ‘megaconstellation’ of several hundred orbiters https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/high-speed-internet-outer-space/
“As humanity creates more and more digital data, archiving the information on hard drives presents economic and ecological challenges. Today an ever-expanding network of large data-storage centers already accounts for more than 2 percent of all electricity consumption in the United States.
“In an effort to develop cheaper and more sustainable storage methods, some scientists have begun experimenting with putting data onto nature’s original hard drive: DNA. In the past five years, a number of research groups have shown that synthetic forms of DNA can be encoded with words, images, or music just as easily as with biological information.
“Now [2017] Yaniv Erlich, an assistant professor of computer science at Columbia Engineering, and Dina Zielinski, a bioinformatics researcher at the New York Genome Center, have achieved a major breakthrough in this area, developing a technique that has enabled them to fit 60 percent more digital data onto a given strand of DNA than was previously possible. In a recent issue of the journal Science, the researchers describe how they managed to squeeze a trove of digital content — including a copy of the 1895 Lumière brothers film Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, a full computer operating system, a $50 Amazon gift card, a computer virus, and a 1948 study by information theorist Claude Shannon — onto a speck of DNA so small that if it existed in a living organism, it would likely carry the blueprints for just a handful of proteins [like a virus]. They say that their technique could theoretically enable scientists to cram millions of megabytes of information onto a single gram of DNA.
“To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest-density storage device ever created,” says Erlich.
Erlich and Zielinski’s storage technique is also very reliable. The researchers say that even after they induced the DNA to make copies of itself, and then forced those copies to make copies, and so on, the resulting double helices were found to contain flawless replicas of the original data.
“ ‘We really tortured the content to see if there was anything we could do to make errors appear,’ Erlich says. ‘But each time we read the files back onto our computers, they worked perfectly.’
“Downloading data onto DNA is still too expensive for commercial use; it cost Erlich and Zielinski about $9,000 to store and retrieve theirs. But the researchers suspect that if they and other scientists can continue to improve the efficiency with which they translate computer code, with its long strings of 0s and 1s, into the chemical language of DNA, made up of various combinations of the four nucleotides adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T), the strategy could eventually provide a cost-efficient option for archiving everything from Facebook posts to historical documents.”
“Team Erlich” report [2017] on their DNA storage retrieval:
…”Recent studies have made large strides in developing DNA storage schemes by exploiting the advent of massive parallel synthesis of DNA oligos and the high throughput of sequencing platforms. However, most of these experiments reported small gaps and errors in the retrieved information. Here, we report a strategy to store and retrieve DNA information that is robust and approaches the theoretical maximum of information that can be stored per nucleotide. The success of our strategy lies in careful adaption of recent developments in coding theory to the domain specific constrains of DNA storage. To test our strategy, we stored an entire computer operating system, a movie, a gift card, and other computer files with a total of 2.14×106 bytes in DNA oligos. We were able to fully retrieve the information without a single error even with a sequencing throughput on the scale of a single tile of an Illumina sequencing flow cell. To further stress our strategy, we created a deep copy of the data by PCR amplifying the oligo pool in a total of nine successive reactions, reflecting one complete path of an exponential process to copy the file 218×1012 times. We perfectly retrieved the original data with only five million reads. Taken together, our approach opens the possibility of highly reliable DNA-based storage that approaches the information capacity of DNA molecules and enables virtually unlimited data retrieval.” https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074237v2
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“They [Team Erlich] say DNA Fountain, so named because it uses fountain codes, which are used for video streaming to mobile devices ‘approaches the Shannon capacity while providing robustness against data corruption’. According to Science Daily, they used DNA Fountain to generate 72,000 DNA strands or oligos that were sent to Twist Bioscience, the DNA synthesis firm that supplied Microsoft’s synthetic DNA… As the researchers highlight, DNA storage in this study cost $3,500 per megabyte. However, they see the cost falling with improvements to DNA synthesis chemistry, as well as ‘quick-and-dirty oligo synthesis methods’ that consume less machine time.” https://www.zdnet.com/article/dna-data-storage-landmark-now-its-215-petabytes-per-gram-or-over-100-million-movies/
By Bio-IT World Staff December 1, 2020 | TwistBioscience Corporation, Illumina, and Western Digital announced an alliance last month with Microsoft to advance the field of DNA data storage.
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Illumina is mentioned here: previous blog post ‘Biology is Nanotechnology’
“DNA is an incredible molecule that, by its very nature, provides ultra-high-density storage for thousands of years,” said Emily M. Leproust, Ph.D., CEO and co-founder of Twist Bioscience… By 2024, 30% of digital businesses will mandate DNA storage trials, addressing the exponential growth of data poised to overwhelm existing storage technology… DNA Data Storage Alliance plans to develop use cases in various markets and industries as well as promote and educate the larger storage community to promote adoption of this future solution…
About Illumina
Illumina is …the global leader in DNA sequencing…
About Western Digital
Western Digital creates environments for data to thrive. As a leader in data infrastructure, the company is driving the innovation needed to help customers capture, preserve, access and transform an ever-increasing diversity of data… Our data-centric solutions are comprised of the Western Digital®, G-Technology™, SanDisk®, and WD® brands.
About Twist Bioscience Corporation
Twist Bioscience is a leading and rapidly growing synthetic biology and genomics company that has developed a disruptive DNA synthesis platform to industrialize the engineering of biology. The core of the platform is a proprietary technology that pioneers a new method of manufacturing synthetic DNA by “writing” DNA on a silicon chip. Twist is leveraging its unique technology to manufacture a broad range of synthetic DNA-based products, including synthetic genes, tools for next-generation sequencing (NGS) preparation, and antibody libraries…” https://investors.twistbioscience.com/news-releases/news-release-details/twist-bioscience-illumina-and-western-digital-form-alliance
This post is a “cut to the chase” about the War Upon You – the uncomplicated version of context—drawn forward from the Big Science coup d’etat of World War Two and our cultural entry into the Nuclear/Space Age. The Big Science of biology and genetics goes from “Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Coronavirus” in my review Planting Viruses, as an intertwining parallel to the high-energy technology that brought nuclear missiles, satellites and global communications to the planet. Radiation, whatever its source, is a biological weapon outside of the limited compatibility range in which we evolved. Radiation co-factored with chemistry –specifically biochemistry— is the basis of Life as we know it. Radiation and chemicals together makes, unmakes, and remakes the living world. Edward Teller, “father of the hydrogen bomb”, remarked that his weapons would “change mankind’s relationship with the universe”. Despite his own chronic health problems related to his work, Teller maintained that “radiation is good for you.”
The very “fine forces” that hold us together as living beings are electro-chemical bonds (not ‘flesh and blood’ per se) under constant over-riding assault from ‘technology’, be it frequencies, gmo foods, medicines, pollutants and the rest. That said, Planting Viruses is following the trail of documentation from TMV to CoV to show how public attention has been diverted away from the real causes of modern epidemics to the pseudoscientific Germ Theory of disease by way of planting viruses from plants! It’s a big, slow story in need of a Teller, you could say, to give it impact — but a great deal of the evidence is straightforward at the laboratory level. Scientific “maker” culture reduces all to its smallest irreducible parts and “rebuilds” – “build back better” as we hear it said today, applied to everything that defines us. Planting Viruses is just one more Lost Chapter in the theft of our humanity, demonstrated here by the breaking of species barriers. Among the questions raised and addressed is the proposition that ‘universal’ polio vaccines of the 1950s were loaded with plant genes and propagated on substrates bearing plant genes, like Hela cells harboring Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The poliovirus, for all the world, is a plant.
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Keep this in mind:
“It’s raining viruses, but don’t panic” (published 2018)
“Viruses and the organisms they infect are extremely highly coevolved,” Suttle explains, “and as part of that process, viruses are really, really good at moving genetic information around. In fact, the field of biotechnology originated [with the discovery] that you could use a virus to move genetic information from one organism to another. The original genetic engineering, if you like, was using viruses to actually move genes around among organisms.”
A large percentage of human nucleic acids — our DNA — is actually viruses that are “still stuck in our genome,” Suttle points out. The placenta of mammals contains a protein that was donated by viruses; major components of our nervous system are the result of genetic information donated from viruses. “Viruses are masters at moving genetic information around and, as a result of that, they’ve been absolutely crucial to the evolution of all organisms,” he says. [end except]
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“Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity…” (published Dec.2009)
“Rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing is spearheading the deliberate, large-scale genetic alteration of organisms. These new advances in DNA manipulation have been extended to the level of whole-genome synthesis, as evident from the synthesis of poliovirus, from the resurrection of the extinct 1918 strain of influenza virus and of human endogenous retroviruses…” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010599/
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Polioviruses are “Members of the family Picornaviridae (genus Enterovirus) and of the family Secoviridae (genus Comovirus) were the first characterized members of the order and infect vertebrates and plants, respectively. The order also includes viruses infecting invertebrates (families Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae) or algae (family Marnaviridae). Large-scale environmental genomic studies suggest the presence of a large number of uncharacterized picorna-like viruses in the ocean.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000707
“The poliovirus is capable of producing an encephalitis, with or without symptoms, in the absence of any damage to the spinal cord. As far as the pathologist is concerned all cases of polio are encephalitic”.[p21] It’s amazing that something so small can do so much damage…But the poliovirus doesn’t attach to and damage just any cell. It is a ‘guided missile’ that does one thing: seek out, damage, and destroy the neurons that “activate” you –the ones that activate your brain and muscles. The poliovirus is the perfect human “Off switch”…https://polioforever.wordpress.com/post-polio/
The author of those words, Richard L. Bruno in The Polio Paradox, appears to sincerely believe in the vaccine prevention of polio and writes nothing about the radiation and chemical cause of polio-like disease, a newly immanent crisis in the United States as the country emerged from World War II and catapulted into the Nuclear Age. Doctors in the 1940s attempting to ‘isolate’ poliovirus (serum) from polio patients were overwhelmingly unable to find the infectious agents. The mandate to prevent polio with a ‘cure’ in the era of radioactive fallout seems incentive enough to “plant” a virus and use the vaccine in a new kind of “vaccine diplomacy” among nuclear-armed nations.
* Mahoney Type 1 poliovirus
The “wild” Mahoney type 1 poliovirus was collected and filtered into solution “virus” in 1941 by Dr. Thomas Francis of the Rockefeller Hospital. Personal physician to the Rockefeller family, Dr. Francis at the time had been newly set up at the University of Michigan on U.S. Army business in the capacity of a public health laboratory. The Mahoney sample came from the pooled feces of three Cleveland area siblings who were asymptomatic –healthy!—and became the “type species” (first to be discovered) of the picornaviruses, or “prototype” as Eckard Wimmer noted in his 2002 created-from-scratch documents. The Mahoney strain procured in the lab, it turned out, was the deadliest of the recent polio filtrates. Work on another new polio vaccine, ongoing since the 1930s, however, was delayed; Thomas Francis and his collaborator Jonas Salk were set on the task of making an influenza vaccine during the war. Clinically observed as sickness, there was no difference between polio and flu, but polio was to retain its distinctively special character as “infantile paralysis”—by then, a political definition of great value. All “influenza-like” disease, we now know, can be produced from exposure to radiation and chemicals.
Down Under in Australia’s city of Melbourne, Frank McFarlane Burnet was set on the same task of making an influenza vaccine for his government in WWII, to which he had also recommended the making of bioweapons in the form of intestinal agents. Burnet favorably selected influenza virus over the poliovirus for influenza’s quality of stability in lab experiments –having a larger genome it was less likely to mutate out of existence as poliovirus would were it not for vaccination and revaccination.
Contemporary investigations reveal that plant viruses are normal commensals of the human gut, as they should be, able to be collected and reconstituted from newborn, exclusively breast-fed infants. In a very small but significant study, modern observers noted that 17 plant viruses were collected from newborn human feces, including tobacco mosaic virus, the “type species” of the helical rod, filamentous group. None of the parents of these newborns used or worked with tobacco, although it is known that TMV ‘infects’ many hundreds of plant species, including the most valuable food crops and flowers. Tobacco Mosaic Virus is the first virus, the prototypical “filtrate” substance obtained and ‘confirmed’ as a disease agent in 1892. With this tobacco virus “tool”, I propose to demonstrate how TMV mutants and by-products became the “vaccine” viruses of modern allopathic practice.
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Eckard Wimmer, the elderly researcher who created poliovirus from scratch: …”My favorite virus is poliovirus… and in 2002 we published a paper that we had recreated the virus from information on the internet and no virus was necessary…. This was an enormous shock…[because] the parent of this virus…was the computer.”
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“Originally trained as an organic chemist, Wimmer developed a deep understanding and fascination for viruses as replicating (living) biological entities as well as (non-living) aggregates of organic compounds, or, “as chemicals with a life cycle”.[2][3] After working on the structure of tRNAs and the structure of a plant RNA virus (satellite tobacco necrosis virus), Wimmer chose to study poliovirus in 1968. Poliovirus is the cause of the horrific disease poliomyelitis, which can cause irreversible flaccid paralysis and even death. Neither the molecular biology of poliovirus proliferation nor the mechanism of its pathogenesis was understood in the nineteen sixties… Using the nucleotide sequence of the genome deciphered in 1981, Wimmer followed up on the work published in 1991 by synthesizing chemically the genome in the form of double stranded DNA (“cDNA”), which was then transcribed enzymatically[16] into genome RNA and “booted to life” in the cell free system.[3] This work, published in 2002 by Cello, Paul and Wimmer, was the first test-tube synthesis of an organism in the absence of a natural template achieved outside living cells.[3] The poliovirus synthesis caught global attention, high praise, ridicule and fierce condemnation…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckard_Wimmer
Wimmer’s company : CODAGENICS, is shopping its corona vaccine
“Starting from only viral sequence data (no physical virus), Codagenix can routinely design, construct, and grow multiple live-attenuated vaccine candidates ready for animal safety and efficacy testing in less than one month, and faster if needed as new outbreak strains are identified… We seek to upend the current approach to making live-attenuated vaccines”… https://codagenix.com/vaccine-programs/pipeline/
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In reality… “Except for a few cases, viruses are not surrounded by a membrane. If present, the membrane around a virus particle – as seen in electron microscopic images – stems usually from the host cell. Viruses have no energy metabolism of their own. Consequently, they cannot perform syntheses and are thus unable to replicate themselves… With plant viruses, the term specificity (or host-specificity) has a very narrow meaning, since no plant virus as such exists….” http://www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e35/35.htm
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“All viruses are good viruses”…”they are solvents”….”[and] the only way [people] can get a swine flu or a bird flu is if [it] is injected in them” –Aajonus Vonderplanitz, PhD
Planting Viruses is a series-in-progress. So far, part three is currently under construction out of a probable five or six. When I finish it, I’ll be back to this spot to post a summary of each segment.
Self-assembling nano machines are not simply “inspired by biology”. They are biology. Biology is Nanotechnology.
The revelation of the present –and the point of Planting Viruses—is to show how plant viruses, derived from the original ‘filtrate’ methods made of diseased specimens from Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), have evolved into the bio-nano-technology of today. On the way, we’ll see how human viruses took the same path and ask a bigger Question based on evidence: Are modern (20th century) “emerging” virus diseases derived from plant viruses? The expanding scope of the virus industry recognizes more and more pathogens infecting a greater range of hosts, phenomena known as species jumping and host-switching, but read almost any biology research document from a lab of the modern era and you can observe the species-jumping-host-switching activity for yourself by human intervention. Laboratory science in biological ‘evolution’ is not just a practice of learning methods but a goal in itself with a very long technology-dependent history.
The field of virology is looking for “common ancestors” to prove evolutionary lineage but the ancestors I’m postulating are not viruses at all. We know their names, like Wendell Stanley, Hilary Koprowski, Aaron Klug, Craig Venter, etc. etc. Their names include mathematicians and physicists as well as contemporary software designers and gamers. (–the learning game ‘Plague, Inc.’, for example)
Do viruses evolve? –well, that’s a trick question. Viruses and their stuff can disassemble and reassemble, inside or outside of host cell environments. Viruses, like poliovirus, have been made from scratch with laboratory chemicals and formulas but then so has human DNA.
Entire living organisms such as E.coli bacteria have been made from scratch in labs. This puts the trick in evolution. Nature does have some ‘keepers’ among the genetic fragments and “virus-like particles” spread over the earth, and those are called “conserved regions” in protein language. Conserved regions, which are small and dispersed orderly segments of proteins, show up along the replicated strings of genetic material in reproducing entities. They may or may not be evidence of evolution, but for the time being, evidence of identity and ‘targets’ for gene testing. PCR tests, for example, are designed to target and “amplify” conserved regions in genetic specimens. In effect, PCR is a factory for making those certain ‘codes’ of interest and the reason you can stop wondering why a COVID PCR test is not a ‘heath’ test.
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Covid testing is switching to sewerage anyway –despite the ‘social benefits’ of maintaining individual testing –and we’ll look at the sewerage situation with plant viruses. Vaccines made from fecal matter extracts –as it appears all the older vaccines were—injected plant virus particles directly into the bloodstream. It prompts another set of questions about CoV positive tests: if COVID positivity is the outcome of prior vaccination for polio. They have the same ancestors. Poliovirus likeness to plant virus is demonstrated in Part Two.
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Part Three is going to focus on plant viruses infecting humans directly, without the need for an intermediate vector, like insects and vertebrates. It will also describe the peculiar differences between “infection” and “infectious” as it’s used in the literature, therefore determining a qualitative interpretation of “safety” as “non-infectious”, and I’ll apply that to TMV-derived nano-products. And, my favorite part –Pictures!—micrographs and progressive comparisons of “real” plant viruses, and some comparisons to “fake virus” images like the “clathrin-coated vesicels” pictured in Part One.
Here’s the Worksheet first (with clips from ‘search)
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“Humans have antibodies against a plant virus: evidence from tobacco mosaic virus”
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, a Plant Virus Associated with Specific Immune Responses, Fever, Abdominal Pains, and Pruritus in Humans
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Conclusions
Our study identified a local source of PMMoV and linked the presence of PMMoV RNA in stool with a specific immune response and clinical symptoms. Although clinical symptoms may be imputable to another cofactor, including spicy food, our data suggest the possibility of a direct or indirect pathogenic role of plant viruses in humans.
… PMMoV is a non-enveloped, rod-shaped, single-stranded positive sense RNA virus classified in the genus Tobamovirus, which includes viruses extremely resistant to physical and chemical agents[8]–[9]. It is one of the major pathogens of Capsicum spp (chili peppers). Complementary data from Zhang et al.‘s study have shown that PMMoV could be detected in non-diarrheic stool from 12 out of 18 individuals living in San Diego, USA or in Singapore, suggesting it might be geographically widespread, and in 3 out of 22 fresh and processed pepper samples. Moreover, the fecal PMMoV was viable and could infect host plants.
…All N. tabacum cultivar Xanthi NN plants inoculated with each of the three PMMoV RNA-positive food products developed local lesions typical of PMMoV infection within 5–7 days post-inoculation (Figures 2a–h)…
…We also identified statistically significant differences in the occurrence of fever, abdominal pains, and pruritus and the detection of specific immune responses to PMMoV in the case-control study. We, therefore, believe that we provide the first evidence that plant viruses may cause disease in humans…
*“Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus that occurs worldwide on species of field grown bell, hot and ornamental pepper species. It is caused by members of the plant virus genus Tobamovirus- otherwise known as the tobacco mosaic virus family…
The origin of PMMoV has been linked to Tomato mosaic virus, as they both reside in the Tobacco mosaic virus family. The Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection brought about the link between PMMoV to ToMV from a French study dating back to 1964. ToMV affects a wide range of Solanaceous crops and a strain of this virus likely mutated into PMMoV.[3]”
Tobamoviruses can be frequently present in the oropharynx and gut of infants during their first year of life
…”Plant viruses have been reported to be common in the gut of human adults, presumably as result of food ingestion. In this work, we report that plant viruses can also be found frequently in the gut and oropharynx of children during their first year of life, even when they are exclusively breast-fed. Fecal and oropharynx samples were collected monthly, from birth to 1 year of age, from three apparently healthy children in a semi-rural community and analyzed by next generation sequencing. In 100% of the fecal samples and 65% of the oropharynx samples at least one plant virus was identified. Tobamoviruses in the Virgaviridae family were by far the most frequently detected, with tropical soda apple mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, and opuntia tobamovirus 2 being the most common species. Seventeen complete virus genomes could be assembled, and phylogenetic analyses showed a large diversity of virus strains circulating in the population. These results suggest that children are continuously exposed to an extensive and highly diverse collection of tobamoviruses. Whether the common presence of plant viruses at an early age influences the infant’s immune system, either directly or through interaction with other members of the microbiota, remains to be investigated…
… surprisingly, [plant viruses] were found as early as 2-weeks after birth in exclusively breast-fed infants. Tobamoviruses, in the Virgaviridae family, were the most abundant, and were present in most of the samples analyzed. Of interest, antibodies to plant viruses have been found in animals, including humans3, and it has also been shown that cowpea mosaic virus can disseminate systemically when orally administered to mice12. Whether the common presence of these viruses at an early age has an effect in the infant’s immune system and maturation of the gut remains to be investigated…
Antibodies in the bloodstream are taken as an unequivocal sign of infection by public health authorities. Livestock farmers have, many times over, had their antibody-positive (seropositive) animal herds seized and destroyed as a heavily enforced cautionary measure against the “presence of disease” even when no other signs of disease were manifest. In the animal world, this kind of “herd immunity” can get you killed. Despite our understanding of antibodies as proof of immunity against disease, this seemingly paradoxical situation is used to define “infection” with pathogenic entities. A pathogen (as I was taught in nursing school) is a microbe outside of its natural place. We recognize pathogens only in their ability to induce changes, but in the dynamic biosphere of our planet which is continuously building-up, breaking-down and on the move, pathogens are everywhere. Pathogens, in fact, are the “cause” of evolution if we stick to my foundation principle of out-of-place microbes.
So, where are the “natural places” of some of these pathogens making us sick? Many of them, of the least in size, belong on a long string of RNA and DNA. The evolution of microscopic technology itself took decades of unrelenting improvement and investigation into the tiniest classes of genetic fragments (made of nucleic acids) that amounted to something “microbe-like”. A new class of ‘subunit’ entities discovered by science learning methods is called “subviral agents” and has emerged to categorize these genetic fragments. In plants these ultra-small pathogens are called “viroids”.
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“Viroids are small (about 300 nucleotides), single-stranded, circular, non-encapsidated pathogenic RNA molecules. They do not code for proteins and thus depend on plant host enzymes for their replication and other functions. They induce plant diseases by direct interaction with host factors but the mechanism of pathogenicity is still unknown [in 2004]. They can alter the expression of selected plant genes important for growth and development…” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15448723/
[otherwise known as mRNA]
Viroid is a term exclusive to plants — a viroid associated with human disease is called “viroid-like**”. One particular viroid-like infection known in human disease is Hepatitis D, caused by a so-named “delta agent” that uses the Hepatitis B virus as a “helper virus” to provide it with functional parts –and a demonstration case of the HepB being a ‘host factor’. The Hepatitis D virion below looks like a ‘delta’ viroid (in blue) swallowed by a HepB ‘envelope’ shell (red and tan), or a virus-within-a-virus structure. I’ll post some electron micrograph images of virus-within-virus structures further on.
Newborns are routinely vaccinated against HepB, a practice begun in 1983 and mandated in the U.S. in 1991.
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So, how did science discover viroids? Accordingly, the credit belongs to Theodor Otto Diener, a Swiss plant pathologist who emigrated to the United States in 1939:
“In 1959, Diener joined the US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service Pioneering Laboratory for Plant Virology at the Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland,[2] where he investigated the cause of the potato spindle tuber disease. This led to the unexpected discovery of the causative agent, a small RNA molecule, eighty times smaller than the smallest known viruses, for which he proposed the term viroid.[6][7] Later, viroids were characterized as single stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules occurring as highly base-paired rod-like structures.[8] Viroids, together with viroid-like satellite RNAs have been officially endorsed by the International Committee for Virus Taxonomy (ICTV) as a novel order of subviral agents,[9] which, in its 2014 publication, encompassed 2 families, 8 genera and 32 species.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Otto_Diener
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Diener himself wrote the following:
Abstract
“The discovery of the viroid in 1971, which initiated the third major expansion of the biosphere towards smaller living entities—after discovery of the “subvisual” microorganisms in 1675 and that of the “submicroscopic” viruses in 1892—has been officially endorsed by the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy as a new order called subviral agents.
“In 1989, I proposed that, based on their respective molecular properties, viroids are more plausible “living fossils” of the hypothetical RNA World (widely assumed to have existed prior to the evolution of DNA or proteins) than are intron-derived RNAs, which were, at that time, suggested as putative survivors. There were few citations of my proposal—and virtually none of viroids—beyond plant virology unil 1994, when Cheles-Flores critically examined the hypothesis and pointed out a serious difficulty, as well as a process by which this difficulty could be overcome. In 2013, when investigations by Koonin and Dolja revealed that of extant RNAs, viroids “strikingly” display some of the molecular properties posited for the earliest evolving, selfish RNAs (primordial RNAs), but, because extant organisms, aside from higher plants, appear not to harbor viroids, they cannot be regarded as primordial fossils, but appear to have evolved post LUCA (the Last Universal Common Ancestor). Here, I review whether some evidence nevertheless is compatible with the original postulate of the 1989 hypothesis. My analysis reveals no unequivocal evidence for an ancient origin of viroids, but suggests, alternatively, that viroids may have evolved de novo more recently, probably by novel processes similar to those suggested by each reviewer.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4807594/
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“…we show that circular RNA replicons analogous to [viroid family] Pospiviroidae emerge if evolution is seeded with minimal circular RNAs that grow through the gradual addition of nucleotides. Further, these rod-like replicons often maintain their structure ifindependent functional modulesare acquired that impose selective constraints. The evolutionary scenario we propose here is consistent with the structural and biochemical properties of viroids described to date.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075860/
Obtaining viroids (a word not-yet coined) for experimental purposes dates back to the 1955 Tobacco Mosaic Virus publication by Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Robley C. Williams from the Virus Laboratory of the University of California (Wendell Stanley’s lab). The men dissolved TMV in a chemical solution, purified and then reconstituted it in solution, obtaining a ratio of infective particles. Their experiment, set to prove the existence of RNA/DNA, caused quite a stir : “Gunther Stent wrote to Sidney Brenner, ‘Frankel-Conrat seems to have done the biggest thing with TMV since Stanley crystalized it. He can add soluble TMV protein to soluble TMV RNA, aggregate the whole mess into rods of which 0.1% are infective!!! Naturally, you don’t believe it–nor did I or anyone else, but unless he has made up the whole thing it seems that it must be true. You can’t beat that for laughs, can you buddy?’ It was true.”
The denaturing and reconstitution of infective TMV at UCBerkeley was paid for by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, NFIP known as the March of Dimes for polio research, and the National Cancer Institute of the NIH. Rosalind Franklin’s “structure group” at Birbeck, University of London, was also paid by NFIP and NCI to study polio (see part two), and these same entities paid for the development of both influenza and polio vaccines from the beginning of World War II forward.
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When we get to the Common Cold section of this series, we will also see that the ‘discoverer’ of human coronaviruses, Dr. David Tyrell, launched his career as an epidemiologist with the British government following a polio outbreak in his hometown of Sheffield UK, famous for its metal products. Tyrell, however, was notably attached to the WWII U.S. Armed Forces Epidemiological Board (AFEB) during the war and returned to the States in 1951 to work (1951-1954) at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York.
Polio is, was, and remains a hub of constancy in nano-bio-tech; structurally identical to the common cold rhinovirus and the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus — its viroid cowpea mosaic virus is mentioned in the citations above as infecting and provoking antibody response in mice –from nature.com: “antibodies to plant viruses have been found in animals, including humans3, and it has also been shown that cowpea mosaic virus can disseminate systemically when orally administered to mice12.” Cowpea mosaic virus has proven more infective than its parent (or descendent, if evolutionary) and is another darling agent of nano-bio-tech, as are all viroids generally. Viroid research opened the way to new RNA technologies of the 1970s forward.
[2020] “Our results indicate that CPMV in situ vaccine outperforms Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), Physalis mosaic virus (PhMV), Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), bacteriophage Qβ VLPs, or Hepatitis B virus capsids (HBVc). Furthermore, ex vivo and in vitro assays reveal unique features of CPMV that makes it an inherently stronger immune stimulant…”
Viroid-type (not showing RNA) protein “disks” of TMV on the left, matched to the UCBerkeley (‘Fig.2) EM graph above, are compared to the assembled TMV rod with the dark RNA coil shown on the right in this illustration.
The next year [1956], Professor Fraenkel-Conrat and his team, which included his wife Beatrice A. Singer, ‘hybrized’ their TMV specimens, mixing the protein disks of one strain type with the purified RNA of another, illustrated below. TMV mutants from these and other experiments were prepared in Berkeley’s particle accelerators by ‘Bea’ Singer and sent to Rosalind Franklin’s group in London for structural study along with ‘Mahoney’ strain polioviruses (crystals in filtrate). The Mahoney poliovirus strain was collected in 1941 from the feces of three siblings who were asymptomatic and considered the most deadly of ‘wild type’ poliovirus.
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“Tracking the Elusive Viroid”
…”Like a virus, the viroid invades a cell and…forces the cell to duplicate the viroid’s RNA instead of its own. The viroid has no DNA. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, the molecules of heredity; with the exception of viroids and some viruses, all genes are made of DNA.
“The difference between viroids and RNA viruses is that viroids have no protective protein coat. The scientific dogma in 1971 was that an organism with no protein wasn’t supposed to be able to replicate itself, even with a host cell’s help. And an entity as small as the PSTV (potato spindle tuber viroid)—130,000 daltons—wasn’t supposed to be able to infect anything, even a potato.
“Until that time, scientists believed that the minimum weight necessary for infectivity was about 1 million daltons. (A dalton, also called an atomic mass unit, equals one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.) Diener wasn’t much impressed by scientific dogma. He’d seen it turned upside down too many times. But he was very careful to prove that the viroid really existed. In all, it took him 6 painstaking years”… [1965-1971] https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/timeline/viroid/
viroids in their two alternate 2D structures of ‘rod’ or ‘ring’
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“Viruses (Virus particles or virions) are usually units consisting of nucleic acids and coat proteins called capsids. Viroids consist only of RNA, i.e. they contain no protein at all. Except for a few cases, viruses are not surrounded by a membrane. If present, the membrane around a virus particle – as seen in electron microscopic images – stems usually from the host cell (see picture to the left). Viruses have no energy metabolism of their own. Consequently, they cannot perform syntheses and are thus unable to replicate themselves… With plant viruses, the term specificity (or host-specificity) has a very narrow meaning, since no plant virus as such exists. Instead, plant viruses can be grouped in a number of ‘varieties’. The tobacco mosaic-virus (TMV), for example, multiplies within Nicotiana-species, several other solanaceous plants, and a few species of other plant families. The name of a virus is usually derived from the name of its main host plant. Although with viruses, the term ‘species’ may not quite correspond to the way it is defined in biological systematics, it is perfectly reasonable and common to use it for viruses, too, since all viruses and viroids contain an original genome with a species-specific information. Its continuity over generations is [only] guaranteed by replication in the host cells. The genetic information of viruses is either encoded by single-stranded RNA (most plant viruses), double-stranded RNA (wound tumor viruses), single-stranded DNA (gemini-viruses) or double-stranded DNA (cauliflower mosaic-virus: CaMV). Based on the shape of the virus particle, it is distinguished between rod-shaped and icosaedrical viruses with a capsid that seems almost spherical.”
Picture : Viral membranes. Maturation of the virion (Maus-Friend-leukaemia virus) by budding off the host cell’s plasma membrane. Notice the similar structures of the membrane surrounding the virus and the membrane of the host cell (deHARVEN, New York).
“The pH affects molecular charge, since it is well known that proteins disaggregate as the charge increases, and they aggregate as the charge decreases. Two often quoted examples are hemoglobin (Fanelli et al., 1964) and tobacco mosaic virus protein (Klug, 1979”)…
“This review explores the synthesis of inorganic metallic-based nanoparticles (MBNPs) (metals, alloys, metal oxides) using biological and biologically inspired nanoreactors for precipitation/crystallisation. Such nanoparticles exhibit a range of nanoscale properties such as surface plasmon resonance (nobel metals e.g. Au), fluorescence (semiconductor quantum dots e.g. CdSe) and nanomagnetism (magnetic alloys e.g. CoPt and iron oxides e.g. magnetite), which are currently the subject of intensive research… Biological nanoreactors for crystallizing MBNPs within cells (magnetosomes), protein cages (ferritin) and virus capsids (cowpea chlorotic mottle, cowpea mosaic and tobacco mosaic viruses), are discussed along with how these have been modified for applications and for the next generation of new materials. Biomimetic liposome, polymersome and even designed self-assembled proteinosome nanoreactors are also reviewed for MBNP crystallisation and further modification for applications. With the advent of synthetic biology, the research and understanding in this field is growing, with the goal of realising nanoreactor synthesis of MBNPs for biomedical applications within our grasp in the near future.”
The biophysical properties of the tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) coat protein (CP) make it possible to display foreign peptides on the surface of TMV. The immunogenic epitopes G5-24 from the rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein, and 5B19 from murine hepatitis virus (MHV) S-glycoprotein were successfully displayed on the surface of TMV, and viruses accumulated to high levels in infected leaves of Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi-nn.
Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, and plants serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses.
Rhabdoviridae is a virus family within the Mononegavirales order, which also contains the Bornaviridae, Filoviridae, and Paramyxoviridae families. Rhabdoviridae contains six genera: vesiculovirus, lyssavirus, ephemerovirus, norvirhabdovirus, cytorhabdovirus, and nucleorabdovirus.
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Abstract
“Classical plant rhabdoviruses infect monocot and dicot plants, have unsegmented negative-sense RNA genomes and have been taxonomically classified in the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus. These viruses replicate in their hemipteran vectors and are transmitted in a circulative-propagative mode and virus infection persists for the life of the insect. Based on the discovery of numerous novel rhabdoviruses in arthropods during metagenomic studies and extensive phylogenetic analyses of the family Rhabdoviridae, it is hypothesized that plant-infecting rhabdoviruses are derived from insect viruses. Analyses of viral gene function in plants and insects is beginning to reveal conserved and unique biology for these plant viruses in the two diverse hosts. New tools for insect molecular biology and infectious clones for plant rhabdoviruses are increasing our understanding of the lifestyles of these viruses.”
Plants — “Monocots, as the name implies, are defined by having seeds that contain a single (mono-) embryonic leaf known as a cotyledon. This is a monophyletic group that constitutes a majority of our agricultural biomass and include many important crop staples including, but not limited to, rice, wheat, corn, sugar cane, bamboo, onion, and garlic… the biggest difference of all between monocots and dicots, is the seed… Often incorrectly thought of as a tree, the banana plant is actually a monocot and is closely related to the grass family… https://biologydictionary.net/monocot/
Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV) is a coronavirus
2001, Abstract “Inoculation of mice with most neurotropic strains of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus results in an immune response-mediated demyelinating disease that serves as an excellent animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. Recent work has shown that either virus-specific CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells are able to mediate demyelination and also that the antibody response is crucial for clearing infectious virus. Another exciting advance is the development of recombinant coronaviruses, which, for the first time, will allow genetic manipulation of the entire viral genome.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11495812/
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1999, “Hybrids of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were constructed with the use of fusion to the coat protein peptides…containing the…epitope from the spike protein of murine hepatitis virus (MHV, [coronavirus])… The TMV hybrids were propagated in tobacco plants, and the virus particles were purified. Immunogold labeling, with the use of the monoclonal MAb5B19 antibody, showed specific decoration of hybrid TMV particles, confirming the expression and display of the MHV [coronavirus spike protein] epitope on the surface of the TMV… Mice were immunized with purified hybrid viruses after several regimens of immunization. Mice that received TMV-5B19L intranasally developed serum IgG and IgA specific for the 5B19 epitope and for the TMV coat protein. Hybrid TMV-5B19, administered by subcutaneous injections, elicited high titersof serum IgG that was specific for the 5B19 epitope and for coat protein, but IgA that was specific against 5B19 was not observed. Mice that were immunized with hybrid virus by subcutaneous or intranasal routes of administration survived challenge with a lethal dose (10 x LD50) of MHV strain JHM, whereas mice administered wild-type TMV died 10 d[days] post challenge. …These studies show that TMV can be an effective vaccine delivery vehicle for parenteral and mucosal immunization and for protection from challenge with [corona] viral infection.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10393897/
*How much fakery can you take? What if I told you that since the 1950s, if not before, all the “viruses” promoted as dangerous, deadly, and necessary to vaccinate against actually came from common plants? –and that all the “pictures” from electron micrographs of these so-called viruses are entities derived from either (1) plant extracts or (2) the harmless natural cell components of living systems? I’m going to post a series of articles as ‘proofs’ that the familiar virus images of the past and present are indeed particles derived from plants –and suggest in particular that one plant, tobacco, is the mother of them all.
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‘Fake it ‘til you make it’ seems to be a creed of modern times, in science as much as politics and other endeavors. Keeping Up With The Hoaxes and other staged events has potential for full-time occupation –not how you want to spend your time in this life, I suppose – nor I, so I’ll do my best to make it quick. But I’ve also promised not to skip the “bats, rats, and vats” in these contrivances, especially now as it applies to COVID. The long version will be here, just not today. Scroll past my “clathrin” picture example and read about the SARS-CoV positive tomato and tobacco plants fed to mice in 2005 –created by a group of researchers that included a famous medical scientist named Hilary Koprowski, who created polio vaccines in the ‘50s and was implicated in the creation of HIV/AIDS. Poliovirus, if you scroll down to ‘COVID: Going Down With Polio’ is identical to Tobacco Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) and many other plant viruses. The researcher, Barbara Pearse, who discovered clathrin –my fake virus example– shown below, was married to John Finch and learned her craft under his tutelage. John Finch was a member of Rosalind Franklin’s Virus Structure group, studying Tobacco Mosaic Virus and poliovirus at Birkbeck College London
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Today, briefly, is one example with some pictures of how to deceive people with “Virus”photo fakery:
*Cells need to eat. They take in nutrients and other materials by “endocytosis”, which is a way of packaging and transporting matter from the outside of a cell membrane to the inside of the cell. One of these methods that makes a virus-like particle at the cell membrane is called “clathrin-mediated” endocytosis. It looks like this:
* Left side image is the formation of a “pit” along the vertically oriented cell membrane which has outer cell receptors clustered along the depression (long fuzzy gray mass in picture 1). The membrane “pits” ( in picture 2) and encloses itself ( in picture3) with the help of “adapter” proteins (Aps) and clathrin particles on the opposing inner side of the membrane. Picture 4 is a newly created ‘vesicle’inside the cell, made by and from the cell, that has swallowed the extracellular particle-containing fluid. Not many electron micrographs are as good as these images, which are excellent.
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*Here’s “clathrin-mediated” endocytosis illustrated –CCV stands for Clathrin-Coated Vesicle:
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*And here are more clathrin-coated vesicles. There are ‘no viruses’ in these pictures below, but a “virus” in extracellular fluid can be ingested (called invagination) by the same method, which is key to inducing artificial nanobio ‘virus’, carrying drugs and genetic cargo, into the cells.
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Picture ‘B’ above is a “clathrin cage” showing the structural propensity of clathrin assembly. Clathrin architecture is shown below with its ‘triskelion’ subunit.
2005 SARS-CoV research from Hilary Koprowski (and colleagues)
“Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) S protein production in plants: Development of recombinant vaccine…”
“In view of a recent spread of ..SARS, there is a high demand for production of vaccine to prevent this disease. Recent studies indicate that SARS-coronavirus (CoV) spike protein (S protein) and its truncated fragments are considered the best candidates for generation of the recombinant vaccine. Toward the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine candidate, we have expressed the N-terminal fragment of SARS-CoV S protein (S1) in tomato and low-nicotine tobacco plants. Incorporation of the S1 fragment into plant genomes…was confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR analyses. High levels of expression of recombinant S1 protein were observed in several transgenic [plant] lines by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Plant-derived antigen was evaluated to induce the systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. Mice showed significantly increased levels of SARS-CoV specific IgA after oral ingestion of tomato fruits expressing S1 protein. Sera of mice parenterally primed with tobacco derived S1 protein revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-specific IgG as detected by Western blot and ELISA analysis.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7787023_Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_SARS_S_protein_production_in_plants_Development_of_recombinant_vaccine/citation/download
“Of drugs or nutrients, taken or given by any route other than by the alimentary canal. Parenteral routes include the intramuscular and the intravenous.”
Virology is at the root of much unsupported Medical propaganda with regard to disease causation and vaccination. Due to Medicine’s acknowledged bad reputation, it is unwise to accept medical announcements (press releases) without first running them through a critical gauntlet.
Therefore, proof of virus existence and character should always be required from the claimers of viruses — before going into the related topics, i.e., before going out on the thin limbs, leaves and flowers of a tenuous rootless tree.
This will get you nowhere with a doctor or judge, as they represent authority over science, even if irrational. Nevertheless, virus criticism is essential for an honest conversation, to keep the mind sharp.
Virology: Two Achilles Heels
1) Isolation of viruses is not actually achieved, as it is claimed. Critical examples are poliovirus and HIV.
2) Toxicology is missing. That is, the toxic effects of antibiotics used in virological studies are not discounted. The clinical diagnoses and the epidemiology avoid environmental toxicology.
Going into detail
1) Virus Isolation “Isolation” of viruses has always been broadcasted as a great achievement, because it intuitively conveys a sense of total dominance and understanding of the so-called virus.
Example, poliovirus:
That famous “isolation of poliovirus” in 1909, by Landsteiner and Popper, consisted of the injection of emulsified extract of spinal cord taken from one paralyzed human child into two monkeys. The monkeys became ill, and one died. This illness was interpreted as “polio”, “infection” and by subsequent journalists and scientists, “virus isolation” …. The term “isolation” is derived from the true success of inorganic chemistry (non-biological chemistry).
Example: H2O can be split into two isolates, i.e., two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, through electrolysis. Endless types of experiments can then be run on each of these isolates to determine their properties, density, weight, etc. Examples: A) Fill a balloon with hydrogen and watch it rise into the sky. It must a low density element. B) These isolates can be reacted with each other again to produce H2O again. D) The proportions of H2O can be ascertained. E) They can be reacted individually with metals to form metal oxides and hydrides, e.g., rust was determined to be iron oxide… Clever virologists faked this method and its terminology. They did this by (in practice) redefining the word “isolate” to mean “mixture”, the opposite of its actual meaning. In practice, “virus isolates” are complex mixtures of biological matter…
[Stefan]Lanka notes the lack of evidence for measles virus. He specifically critiques the work of virologist John F. Enders, PhD. [Article 2015] [Article 2001] [Interview 2018] [Virology details 2/2017, German Language]
Lanka: “The first paper was published in 1954 by Enders et al… Enders… cut down dramatically on the nutrient solution and added cell-destroying antibiotics to the cell culture before introducing the allegedly infected fluid. The subsequent dying of the cells was then misinterpreted as presence and also isolation of the measles virus. No control experiments were performed to exclude the possibility that it was the deprivation of nutrients as well as the antibiotics which led to the cytopathic effects.”
And a few notes from me on the fakery of virus isolation by Enders… John Enders is also falsely credited for isolating the poliovirus, according to a critical review by journalist Neenyah Ostrom, on the authority of biochemist Howard Urnovitz, PhD. [Ref] “[P]oliovirus was not actually isolated by these investigators, either. They successfully grew “filterable agents,” which they assumed to be poliovirus, in human embryonic tissues.”
Enders’ fame as “The Father of Modern Vaccines” is perhaps due to his tremendous inheritance and elite membership in Yale’s wealthiest secret society. No joke. [Ref]
*Genesis 3:22 –“Then the Lord God said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat, and live forever’ ”
*(verse 23)”therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken.”
“ The Old World encountered tobacco at the dawn of the European Age of Exploration. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus set foot on a small island in the Bahamas. Believing himself to be off the coast of Asia, the Admiral dressed in his best to meet the local inhabitants. The Arawaks offered him some dried leaves as a token of friendship. Those leaves were tobacco. A few days later, a party from Columbus’ ship docked off the coast of Cuba and witnessed local peoples there smoking tobacco…
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By the end of the 16th century Spain controlled the ‘global’ tobacco trade which was worth its weight in silver well through the next century as the English developed a rival market.
“Probably the most famous Englishman associated with the introduction of tobacco is Sir Walter Raleigh. Settlers rescued from his Roanoke Island expedition in 1586 had picked up the habit of tobacco smoking (or “drinking” as it came to be called). Hariot remarks in his account of 1588 that: ‘We ourselves during the time we were there used to suck it after their [the Native Americans’] manner, as also since our return, and have found many rare and wonderful experiments of the virtues thereof…
“In the spring of 1610, the young John Rolfe arrived at Jamestown, a member of the party which had been delayed by shipwreck on the Bermuda Islands. This new settler observed the Powhatan Indians growing N. rustica. An English pamphlet of the time reported that: ‘The people in the South parts of Virginia esteeme it [tobacco] exceedingly . . . ; they say that God in the creation did first make a woman, then a man, thirdly great maize, or Indian wheat, and fourthly, Tobacco.’ Rolfe, however, was not impressed with the quality of N. rustica…[as] inferior in quality to the fine Spanish weed N. tabacum… How Rolfe came by fine Trinadad tobacco seed is not known, but he was growing it experimentally by 1612 in Virginia. Rolfe’s agricultural attempt was an unqualified success. By 1614, Ralph Hamor, a secretary of the Colony, reported: ‘. . . Tobacco, whose goodnesse mine own experience and triall induces me to be such, that no country under the Sunne, may, or doth affoord more pleasant, sweet and strong Tobacco, then I have tasted. . . . I doubt not, [we] will make and returne such Tobacco this yeere, that even England shall acknowledge the goodnesse thereof.
…”2,300 pounds of tobacco were exported to the Mother Country in 1615-16. True, this was a paltry amount compared with the over 50,000 pounds imported from Spain in the same period, but it was a start. In 1616, Rolfe visited England with his new wife Pocohontas and presented James I with a pamphlet in which the Virginian modestly revealed tobacco as “the principall commoditie the colony for the present yieldeth”… Little did Rolfe guess how important his tobacco crop would become to the economic survival of Virginia…” https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/tobacco-the-early-history-of-a-new-world-crop.htm
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As tobacco crops spread among the English colonies of America so did written observations and advice on managing this “demanding” commodity: …“[In] the world of the eighteenth-century Virginians, [t]obacco touched nearly every aspect of their existence…Indeed, the majority of the planters’ waking hours were spent, as they would have said, in ‘making a crop’. Almost every surviving letterbook from this period contains a detailed description of tobacco production, and even Thomas Jefferson, who never distinguished himself as a successful plantation manager, instructed a European correspondent in the mysteries of cultivating the Virginia staple.” [p41, Tobacco Culture, by T.H.Breen, 1985 Princeton Univ. Press] George Washington failed at tobacco and grew wheat instead. “Tobacco was not like wheat… [It] could never be taken for granted. It dictated a series of tasks…[ throughout the year, wherein] [e]ach step in the annual process required skill, judgement, and luck… [A] French traveler reported that ‘the culture of tobacco is difficult, troublesome, and uncertain’ “[p45, ibid.]
Curiously, the principal judgement of when to harvest ‘ready’ tobacco, depending on the appearance of the plants, fits the categorical descriptions of disease: “…to cut unripe tobacco was folly. Immature leaves heavy with moisture seldom cured properly…[It] had [to have] the ‘right’ appearance. According to Tatham, ‘the tobacco when ripe changes its colour, and looks greyish; the leaf feels thick and if pressed between finger and thumb will easily crack’…Richard Henry Lee, a gentleman who possessed the necessary experience, advised growers to look for ‘spots appearing on the leaf’ ”[p49, Tobacco Culture] Other descriptors include yellowing, wilting and curling.
A more contemporary account from Kona Hawaii states: “The object of curing was to produce a yellowing of the leaf by prolonging the death of the green cells in the leaf. The yellowing was essential. Too short a cure produced a green leaf.” https://konahistorical.org/mailes-meanderings/up-in-smoke-the-rise-and-fall-of-konas-tobacco-industry/ And though we might guess the golden harvest was disease-free, being strict on terms, pictures tell a different story –a natural story—that the “viruses” ubiquitous in tobacco (and other plants) that confer shape, decoration, and color to leaves were desirable in outcomes of commerce.
TMV-infected tobacco
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Tobacco goodnesse thereof:
“Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is the third of eight B vitamins. Niacin is a term that relates to several chemical forms of vitamin B3. These forms include nicotinamide and nicotinic acid. These names are all based on the research done on tobacco in the 1930s in which vitamin B3 was first isolated in a laboratory while working on the nicotine collected from tobacco leaves. Niacin, like the other B-complex vitamins, plays an important role in energy production in the body. Two forms of vitamin B3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), are needed by the body to convert protein, fat, and carbohydrates into useable energy. The processing of fats in the body, like those involved in the building of cell membranes and even fat-based hormones (otherwise known as steroid hormones), all require the presence of vitamin B3 to initiate synthesis. Niacin has also been used to lower total blood cholesterol with great success, even though the body actually requires vitamin B3 to produce cholesterol in the liver.Vitamin B3 is also involved in the manufacture of DNA. A link between DNA damage and a deficiency of niacin can be found. It is being researched particularly in terms of the formation of cancer and its possible prevention. Blood sugar regulation is another benefit of vitamin B3, as it has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of insulin. Although researchers are yet to completely agree on the process by which vitamin b3 does this, they do support the idea that glucose tolerance factor (GTF), of which vitamin B3 is a part of, must be present in the body to help maintain optimal insulin activity.” https://breakingmuscle.com/healthy-eating/the-abcs-of-vitamins-vitamin-b3-niacin
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Tobacco can Feed the World:
Tobacco “may in time become one of the world’s principal sources of protein for human consumption and livestock feed.” So stated no less an authority than the World Health Organization’s Farm and Agriculture Organization in 1981. . Nevertheless, tobacco as a protein source has received so little publicity over the years that most of us are still largely unaware of it’s potential to feed a hungry world. Protein From Tobacco : Among the protein extracts that were prepared from a variety of green plants and forage crops, those originating from the leaves of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum, according to Wildman, a leading protein chemist, had “properties which make them uniquely desirable as sources of edible leaf protein”. https://www.acsh.org/news/1992/01/01/food-from-tobacco-a-well-kept-secret
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Feeding the world with tobacco, apparently even when this article was published in 1992, was a nonstarter. The public mind is set against it, they say. We live in a world were a tobacco plant is dangerous and a nuclear plant is safe, and these concepts start really getting mixed up as the history carries forward into the twentieth century –the interlacing history of tobacco, virology, and high-energy nuclear tools –coming back as “Part Two.”
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One more ‘goodnesse’ you may have heard:
Abstract
“Reports from various countries suggest that tobacco smoking might protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection, since the prevalence of smoking in COVID-19 hospitalized patients is lower than in the respective general population. Apart from nicotine or other chemicals contained in tobacco smoke, we propose that a single-stranded RNA virus that infects tobacco leaves, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), might be implicated in this effect. TMV, though non-pathogenic, is found in smokers’ airways, and stimulates adaptive and innate immunity, with release of specific antibodies and interferons. The latter may have preventive and/or therapeutic effects against COVID-19. If confirmed by epidemiological and interventional studies, this might lead to the use of TMV as an immunological adjuvant against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.”
COVID-19 vaccinees are going down with polio (tranverse myelitis, Guillain-Barre, AFP paralysis, etc) and its primary form of encephalitis which makes “polio forever” relevant once again. https://www.polioforever.wordpress.com
Today I can say this is the start of polioforever’s last chapter and it all comes down to the simplicity of viral forms –call it Shape Matters Two: The essence of biological currency and the universal foundation of ‘recognition’ from our immune systems and among all creatures. Viruses as we ‘see’ them have three shapes, like primary colors — spheres, rods, and the combined sphere-rod. Everything else is dressing.
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The primitive nanotechnology of the 20th century called Virology has come of age with Three Master Keys to the Kingdom: bacteriophage (sphere-rod), poliovirus (sphere) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (rod). Unmasking the keys and dressing them down will tell the story of viruses in our time, from tobacco mosaic virus to coronavirus, or what some of you know from me as “TMV to CoV”. Breaking down and rearranging these biological master keys for useful purposes was called “metabiology” by Jonas Salk, who coined the term and brought the OPV polio vaccine to fruition as we entered the ‘peak fallout’ period of atmospheric nuclear testing. Polio is caused by radiation and chemical toxins.
Rhinovirus infections are the chief cause of the common cold. Thrive in the lower temperature of the nose (33oC) They are transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects. Figure 15.02: A Rhinovirus. Human rhinovirus 16: Picornaviridae; Rhinovirus; Human rhinovirus A; strain (NA). Hadfield, A.T., Lee, W.M., Zhao, R., Oliveira, M.A., Minor, I., Rueckert, R.R. and Rossmann, M.G. (1997). The refined structure of human rhinovirus 16 at 2.15 A resolution:
If you’re uncertain about what you’re really looking at with the virus images (re: the same thing), see the previous posts: ‘Virus: Shape Matters’ and ‘The Nanoflower Shop’ for clarity. After this, a storyline begins about poliovirus and tobacco mosaic virus investigated by a group of researchers who gathered around Rosalind Franklin and J.D. Bernal at Birkbeck College London. In 1958, this group made two virus models for the Brussels World Exhibition; poliovirus and tobacco mosaic, the subjects of their study.
1958 World’s Fair poliovirus model*
1958 World’s Fair TMV* displayed at Int’l Science Building, Brussels*
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The Virus Structure Research Group at Birkbeck College London, under the direction of J.D. Bernal, a communist and transhumanist since the 1920s, included Rosalind Franklin, Aaron Klug, John Finch, Kenneth Holmes and several others; Nobel Laureate Francis Crick, Americans Don Caspar and, by extension, Barry Commoner, the Fraenkel-Conrats, and more. The Birkbeck researchers focused on polivirus and TMV. Crick told the group that ‘any child could make a virus’. In 1958 Crick was invited to become a lifetime staff scientist at the Salk Institute of Biological Studies, then forming in La Jolla near San Diego. His ‘group’ at Birkbeck deferred to him often. Aaron Klug took over leadership of the group after Rosalind Franklin died of ovarian cancer in ‘58 and Crick accepted his honors and appointments in the U.S.
Klug wrote to Crick on Feb.13, 1959:
“Dear Francis,
… I feel it is now appropriate to draw attention to the occurrence of icosahedral symmetry in 5 viruses (although I haven’t mentioned Bea’s result on SBMV). I am now trying to see whether it is possible to classify the ways in which a large virus like Tipula IV might be built up out of subunits, a problem you suggested some time ago. It seems to me that one must start off with…a small virus and then try to make a ‘crystal’ of it, by adding more subunits to try to achieve close packing. In this way…one can arrive at 3 families of icosahedra, namely : truncated icosahedron, small rhomb-icosadodecahedron and snub dodecahedron.”
“Bea’s SBMV” refers to Beatrice A. Singer, the wife of TMV expert Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, who worked at the University of California Berkeley ‘Rad Lab’ –the famed ‘Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’ (LBNL, and its affiliate Lawrence Livermore) founded by Ernest O. Lawrence. Singer and her husband were jointly working on Tobacco Mosaic Virus mutants and sharing their samples and knowledge.
“Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV) . The virus of our story is Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), a humble RNA-containing plant virus that infects bean plants in the South of the United States. Neither SMBV nor its relative TBSV were ever as famous as the animal viruses that are fashionable today as human pathogens (for instance, AIDS virus or common cold -rhino virus-). Small…plant viruses like them were easy to obtain…[and] easy to crystallize and consequently they were the objects of a concerted effort to obtain their atomic structure by X-ray diffraction methods with conventional in-house X-ray sources. Viruses had to be constructed from a few identical subunits. [We call them “virus-like particles”, or VLPs, today—JL]. The icosahedral symmetry of small spherical viruses had been proposed by Watson and Crick in the early fifties[1]… they predicted that the virus envelopes would be highly symmetrical, and most likely icosahedral, containing at least twenty copies of the coat protein in the shell, or capsid. The detailed arrangement of the proteins in the capsid on the surface, and a preliminary classification of icosahedral viruses was presented by Caspar and Klug in their classic 1962 paper [2].”
…”Electron micrographs showing details of the internal structure of plant virus crystals are presented to demonstrate the values of the procedure. Crystals of purified tobacco ringspot virus and squash mosaic virus and some portions of turnip yellow mosaic virus crystals have been shown to exhibit hexagonal packing…”
At Birkbeck lab, Franklin’s graduate student assistant John Finch’s “second PhD project involved crystals of poliovirus, which were given to Rosalind in 1957 by Drs Schaffer and Schwerdt from Berkeley… The study showed that poliovirus was rather similar to the small, spherical plant viruses also being worked on then, but the analysis was not taken any further.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0028
*Rosalind Franklin (b1920—d1958) became posthumously famous for failing to be included in the Nobel Prize given to Crick, Watson and Wilkins for discovering the structure of DNA, presumably learned from her crystallography images of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):
“Although best known for being the British physical chemist whose crucial experimental data enabled James Watson and Frances Crick to solve the structure of DNA as early as 1953, she received no gracious mention from either of them during their Nobel Prize speeches. Indeed, until 1968 when Watson wrote The Double Helix, she had only received vague credit for stimulating their work rather than specific credit for contributing to their original proposal.”https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/franklin-rosalind
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“Tobacco mosaic virus, which causes tobacco leaves to curl and discolor in patches (hence “mosaic”) had been a model for virus studies since the 1880s; it was a simple, stable, and highly infectious organism. Understanding the structure of viruses was the first step in learning how they caused disease. By 1950 it was known that viruses consisted of protein and DNA or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Bernal and Fankuchen had found that TMV was composed of identical protein subunits. James Watson, during his hiatus from DNA modeling in 1952, worked briefly with TMV and established that the protein subunits were arranged in a spiral. Franklin’s challenge was to find out whether the RNA was in the middle of the spiral, like a candle wick, or embedded in the proteins. She was aided in this work by Aaron Klug, then a postdoctoral fellow in theoretical physics and chemistry, and two research assistants, Kenneth Holmes and John Finch. For a time, the team also included Donald Caspar, an American biophysicist. When her Turner and Newall fellowship ended in 1954, Birkbeck arranged three years of support from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for Franklin’s team…
“…1954 also marked Franklin’s first visit to the United States. Invited to the Gordon Conference to give a paper on coal chemistry that summer, she also scraped together funding for visits to virus researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole (where her visit coincided with the 1954 hurricane), Washington University in St. Louis, the University of California in Berkeley, and California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, among others. She made new contacts and renewed older ones, building a network of colleagues whose work complemented and informed her own. She returned home with virus samples and promises of collaboration from leading American scientists such as Wendell Stanley and Barry Commoner…
“[By] the summer of 1956, she was at the top of her profession. She had assembled a fine research team, and their work produced a steady stream of publications. She had established a wide network of research contacts and collaborators, and was invited to meetings everywhere. (Wendell Stanley would later call her “an international courier of good will and scientific information.”) And though she struggled with the ARC over funding (they disapproved of her working on “second hand material” from other labs, among other things) there was a good chance that a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health would provide alternative funding. While in America she was honored with a request from the Royal Institution for models of helical and spherical viruses, for an exhibit in the International Science Hall of the 1958 Brussels World Fair. (The five foot tall models–modified from early versions constructed from ping pong balls and plastic bicycle handlebar grips–were well received.)
…. “Work continued on plant viruses–the team prepared over a dozen papers for publication in 1956-57–and Franklin had also started planning a project examining polio virus. She applied for and received a three year research grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, ensuring the survival of her research group. In March 1958, the cancer advanced again, and Franklin returned to the hospital. She died on April 16, not quite 38 years old.
“In the obituaries he wrote for the Times and Nature, J. D. Bernal praised her beautifully executed researches, carried out with apparently effortless skill, and her gift for organizing research projects. He noted, “As a scientist Miss Franklin was distinguished by extreme clarity and perfection in everything she undertook. Her photographs are among the most beautiful x-ray photographs of any substance ever taken.” Her life, he concluded, was a perfect example of single-minded devotion to research.”
“The nature of the three-dimensional architecture of viruses and the assembly of viral subunits and nucleic acids have been among the central issues in virology over the past fifty years. Sir Aaron Klug (Medical Research Council Laboratory, Cambridge, UK), President of the Royal Society of London, offered his own historical perspective on the resolution of TMV architecture and its implications for virus self-assembly. Klug began working with R. Franklin in 1954, just two years before the first big picture of TMV quaternary structure emerged (Franklin et al., 1956). This picture was based largely on the high-quality x-ray photographs Franklin obtained from her samples of repolymerized, nucleic acid–free TMV particles (Franklin, 1955). Franklin thus confirmed J.D. Watson’s deduction that the rod-shaped virus was helical (Watson, 1954), but she also provided evidence that the helix was hollow rather than solid and that TMV RNA was embedded in the protein helix (Caspar, 1956; Franklin, 1956). Experimental evidence from these studies on TMV provided the basis for F.C. Crick and Watson’s contention that all viruses must be built up symmetrically from identical protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid (Crick and Watson, 1956). The elegant simplicity of this observation prompted the witticism, attributed to Crick, that “Any child could make a virus.” In listening to the participants at the Edinburgh symposium, one could not help but note that TMV research has been a serious playground (pace Max Delbrück) for some of the most formidable structural biologists of the twentieth century.”
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