Jennifer Lake's Blog

June 10, 2022

Corona the Crow

                           

“Derived from Greek κορώνη (korone) meaning “crow”. This was the name of several figures from Greek mythology, including the mother of the god Asklepios.” https://www.behindthename.com/name/koronis/

“In Greek mythology, Coronis (/kɒˈrəʊnɪs/; Greek: Κορωνίς, translit. Korōnís) is a Thessalian princess and a lover of Apollo… By Apollo she became the mother of Asclepius,[2][3][4][5] the Greek god of medicine…  [In] Ancient Greek Κορωνίς means “curved, bent”[6] and shares the exact same root with κορώνη (korṓnē), meaning, among other things, “crow,” due to the curvature of its beak…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(lover_of_Apollo)

…and from the beaks and claws of corvids, we get more words, like beaker, billet, hook and hammer.

“Beekes considers the ‘crown’ sense as derived from the formally identical Greek word korōnē ‘crow’ (see raven), which, he says, was used metaphorically ‘of all kinds of curved or hook-formed objects.’ ‘Moreover,’ he writes, ‘the metaphorical use of [korōnē] ‘crow’ is nothing remarkable given the use of its cognates …; the metaphors may have originated from the shape of the beak or the claws of the bird.’ Compare Latin corax ‘crow’ also ‘a hooked engine of war,’ French corbeau ‘raven,’ also ‘cantilever;’ English crowbar, etc.” https://www.etymonline.com/word/crown/

*************************************************************************************

Not many people today would consider a language to be technology, but indeed it has ever been: “In the beginning was the Word,” and from the Word poured forth the creation of the world. To name a thing was to know it and make it real (‘royal’)– to reveal and penetrate the mystery of its being, and as the ancients believed, to assume and use the power of that which is named. And so, by naming and realizing the world around us, a vast technology of assumed power was carried in the language of the people as they roamed and survived, invaded, settled and remembered themselves from time immemorial, or better said, from time’s immeasurable memory. Time itself, as a word—crone or chronology—is a gift from the crows, and by this remembrance the ‘crow’ people have carved an immortal desire to carry the technology of time and make a god of it, Cronos –or Saturn– ruling over this world from even the dark, cold remoteness of space. The Crow of time is a great secret; it sees all, knows all, and if it did not create us, it was nevertheless set upon us as a Great Watchman.

Lord Saturn (Shani)

But, I didn’t start this post to talk about time, except to say that Time is speeding up and maybe that’s good. The end of Time, perhaps, is the end of the Crow people and they are not going without a fight—maybe you are Crow people too, from another flock, and fit for the battle. Crows are everywhere, they say. And in the huge composite of letters we call the English language, crows are also everywhere, lurking in the recesses of ancient words and mythologies among the crags of memory. Those words had no place of origin among the 400,000 and more chosen for the Oxford English Dictionary. The brethren of Oxford decided that the language should begin with Middle English, attempting the task for the first time in 1857. Failing to advance their reckoning, the Oxfordians hired James Murray in 1879 to organize a renewed effort, one that outlived Murray himself and took 49 years to complete to a respectable result of ten volumes and 3 feet of shelf space. https://public.oed.com/history/ Unlike most other letter languages, English continues to grow and abandon its over-heavy past, discarding mind, meme, and meaning on the counting-house floor. But the complexity of English is not your burden unless you choose it. Maybe you and yours were never crows. But if you map your genes among the ancient Mediterranean and Indo- European peoples, chances are deep down you’re a crow. And in your memory, if it speaks English, are crow words.

— corona, coroner, croak, croon, crown, crowd, corn, crop, curve, carriage, crave, raven, ravenous, ravine, rook, rock, cranny, cranium, Capricorn, call, Cornish, caucus, Caucasian…. And many, many more.

The Oxford English, despite expanding their lists, were well aware of not having the last (or the first!) word on crow. Interest in the olde meaning of crow words, and the name ‘Coronis’ in particular, was even then in the 1870s, shared in a London medical society text. They were looking for the original meaning of the Rod of Aesculapius (a.k.a. Aesclepius), the crow-god son of Apollo and Coronis, whose serpent staff had become their emblem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronis_(mythology)

The image below comes from reference #5 of the Coronis Wikipedia page: ‘Medical Society of London’—

Aesculapius and others like him were …”sprung from an egg”… “where a serpent in an egg is introduced as a true emblem of this deity… the emblem Coronis must sometimes have had a reference to the same. When it is said of Aesculapius…that the heavenly Coronis produced him to the world: this [twofold meaning] could not relate to the raven…yet could have no concern with his second birth, or with his birth at all. Coronis was certainly a name given by the poets and mythologists to a particular machine: the same in which the gods are supposed to have been enclosed and to have suffered a temporary death. Coronis is accordingly said to have been a vessel or float, whose extremities were equally raised and turned up like a crescent… By Coronis is signified a ship which has its two ends bent and turned up… The name was adapted to vessels of this form, from their representing the lunar emblem, the mystical machine Selene. This was the original Coronis and the name was given from a bird of the sea.”

*

The bird-of-the-sea who flew with the dragon-headed ships that carried it were once the Raven-painted sails of the Norsmen who set these oracular birds on the shoulders of their highest lord Odin (Woden).

It is another medical fellowship that preserves the ravens of Odin (‘Thought’ and ‘Memory’) as its emblem, the Society of Radiology, which represents the invading technologies of radiation. Like Odin’s birds returning to their master, they bring secrets out of the darkness and ‘prophesy’ to the fates. A modern irony in the symbolic choice of Thought and Memory is that, like a pirate’s corsair (a crow word), these ray-vens steal for themselves the very substance of the names, causing (more crowish) the loss of both.

Here is one of their own with The Supervoltage Story, or how high-energy particle accelerators came into medical use:

 “…let us listen to Munin, our messenger of memory, who with Hugin, the messenger of thought, appear on the heraldry of this Society (Fig. 1). It is good, as I said to this Society now some 15 years ago, from time to time to recall the past beyond the memory of many of us so that we may know of how those things which we accept as commonplace came to be…” The Supervoltage Story , 1974 lecture by Milford D. Schulz, MD https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.124.4.540 

Taking Dr. Schulz’s advice, “It is good…from time to time to recall the past beyond the memory of many of us so that we may know of how those things which we accept as commonplace came to be”

No one can say where or when the Crow people originated. Perhaps they were remnants of the great floods that created the Mediterranean.  Robert Graves, who had a genius for the Welsh bardic tradition, wrote in his 1946 book The White Goddess, that the Greeks called them Pelasgians, or “seafarers,” whom they conquered or assimilated. Like the Indo-European Greeks who came later, the Pelasgians may have also come from the east through Anatolia and Canaan where they established their legacy of Phoenicia and customized their crow into a Phoenix.

 “The Pelasgians claimed to be born from the teeth of the cosmic snake Ophion whom the Great Goddess in her character of Eurynome (‘wide rule’) had taken as her lover, thereby initiating the material Creation; but Ophion and Eurynome are Greek renderings of the original names. They may have called themselves Danaans after the same goddess [of Creation]…” p62, The White Goddess.

The ‘wide rule’ of Eurynome, it appears, was a great circle of interconnecting water systems encompassing the whole of Europe’s landmass from the Arctic, to the inland seas of the Steppe, southward to the Mediterranean and out again to the Atlantic—a clockwork of water and time, remade between the shattering cataclysms of destruction that “ate their children and drank their blood.” In those lost days, survival may have required the abilities of serpents and birds, and to them we look again to initiate Creation.

For the first Crow Show of June –Queen of the World, 2022 Platinum Jubilee – this ‘remote’ Tree lighting illuminated a symbolic  snake staff of magenta-to-white from Windsor Castle to Buckingham Palace                  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfL9HebGZz0&t=0s

And what does this display of royal pageantry mean?

*

For an up-to-date look at the Jubilee show from the mixed-reality denizens of blockchain and ‘social impact’ investing, Alison McDowell writes,  “With the rise of synthetic biology and nano-machines, it seems an appropriate time to reflect on the Hermetic tradition and the propensity of power to attempt to mask black magic rites with feeble trappings of fraudulent divine intent. In my opinion such a dynamic was at work here, broad-based attempts to propagandize the world into believing synthetic is natural and sacred. It has everything to do with England’s traditions of scientifically managed breeding, including Galton and eugenics…” https://wrenchinthegears.com/2022/06/23/magenta-at-dusk-and-the-royal-beacon-of-decarbonization-synthetic-pretenders-part-10/

  

Tree of Life from T-mobile?

What I see in the logo is a couple of twin cube bits (qubits) floating in alignment with this white T, hanging together on invisible threads –entangled in magenta perpetuity (‘magen’ means ‘king’). The Internet of Bodies and Things, they’re telling us, is a vast phenomenon of quantum computing—a bio-digital convergence that is re-generating the world, re-generating economies, and resetting the scope of human activity.  The New Creation story no longer depends on us “coming down from the trees,” which is still a metaphor for human origins, but as shown in the Jubilee, injecting their lit-bit entanglements up the tree. Undeniably, this is a re-versal of our creation story.

The Great Mother of the sea-bird folk has come down to us in myriad forms and symbols but are all representations of the Womb of Creation. She is the Tree of Life, a ‘twin’ creator in Bronze Age conception, and as Robert Graves reveals, the giver of language and letters. In the opening chapters of The White Goddess, Graves expands on the interpretation of a holy riddle called The Battle of the Trees, the ‘battle’ order (and calendar) of an ancient alphabet that conveys sacred knowledge of the Goddess. He also tells us that “the Pelasgians were called Dioi (‘divine’) because they alone of all the Greeks preserved the use of letters after the Deluge” –p226, ibid.  In this generic sense of Pelasgians, it was they who spread the practice of writing and symbolizing speech– again. The Hero who fathered them, Phoroneus, was a primordial Prometheus whose ‘phor’ in his name was the ‘fire’ of thought and memory, “and who had for a mother the essential spirit of the very earth of Argos herself, Argia.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoroneus

Argeia, meaning ‘dazzling white,’ is the White Goddess who mated with the titan river-god Inachus in her aspect of an Ash Tree nymph. Phoroneus’s sister Io “became Isis when she reached Egypt” (Graves p232) bringing the Letters (‘oracles’) with her to the Egyptians. A result of this transfer, and others like it, may be seen in the Demotic script https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian) and cuneiform Armana Letters, created in the time of Akhenaton (mid-14th century BCE)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amarna_letters

Technology among the settlers of the Mediterranean transitioned in this period to the Iron Age and “ the beginning of the historiographical record…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age; from which we learn that Phoroneus became the Kronos of Olympia, a primordial Hero who invented fire, founded the Law, and was celebrated at the Spring Equinox.

 “It has not yet been established when people first began worshipping at Olympia. However, archaeological finds show that the area was at least settled from the 3rd millennium B.C. It is also known that the first Sanctuary was the Gainon, which was found at the foot of Kronos hill and was dedicated to Gaia (Earth), the wife of Ouranos (Heaven). That was also, as it is said, the most ancient oracle of Olympia.” https://www.gtp.gr/LocInfo.asp?infoid=49&PrimeCode=EGRGIL10OLYOLY00041&PrimeLevel=10&LocId=60975

“In Greek mythology, Cronus, Cronos, or Kronos (/ˈkroʊnəs/ or /ˈkroʊnɒs/, from Greek: Κρόνος, Krónos) was the leader and youngest of the first generation of Titans, the divine descendants of the primordial Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son Zeus and imprisoned in Tartarushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronus  “Tartarus is both a deity and a place in the underworld. In ancient Orphic sources and in the mystery schools, Tartarus is also the unbounded first-existing entity from which the Light and the cosmos are born… third of the primordial deities, following after Chaos and Gaia… offspring of Aether and Gaia.”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartarus   Graves tells us that “Tar” in the Aegean tongue means “west” and “the dying sun… The reduplication tar-tar, meaning the far, far west, has evidently given Tartara, the land of the dead, its name.”—p372, The White Goddess

As Greeks displaced Pelasgians, the descendents of Kronos divided and moved west to ancient Iberia (Portugal and Spain), north to Thrace and Gaul or remained and assimilated, elaborating the pantheon of the sacred Crow from where the goddess Coronis made her match with Apollo, mothering the Asclepiads of therapeutic arts and secrets. “Apollo was not at that time a Sun-god, but an Underworld oracular hero…herdsman to…the Minyan king of Pherae in Thessaly…” –p141, ibid.

“Neptune pursuing Coronis who is changed into a crow,” 1590, by Hendrick Goltzius

“The first Greeks to invade Greece were the Achaeans who broke into Thessaly about 1900 BC; they were patriarchal herdsmen and worshipped an Indo-European male trinity of gods, originally perhaps Mitra, Varuna and Indra… subsequently called Zeus, Poseidon and Hades. Little by little they conquered the whole of Greece and tried to destroy the semi-matriarchal Bronze Age civilization that they found there, but later compromised with it, accepted matrilinear succession and enrolled themselves as sons of the variously named Great Mother… [The] Achaeans who had occupied Argolis now also took the name of Danaans and also became seafarers [p62]… The Aeolian Greeks invaded Thessaly from the north…settled down amicably with the Achaean Danaans and became known as the Minyans [p63]…[And] about 1250 BC a distinction arose between the Achaean Danaans and other less civilized Achaeans…who invaded the Peloponnese, founded a new patriarchal dynasty, repudiated the sovereignty of the Great Goddess and instituted the familiar Olympian pantheon ruled over by Zeus… suggest[ing] religious revolution [that] was at first strongly resisted by the Danaans and Pelasgians…  Poseidon the ash[tree]-god and Zeus the oak-god were both once armed with thunderbolts; but when the Achaeans humbled the Aeolians [minyans], Poseidon’s bolt was converted into a trident or fish spear and Zeus reserved the sole right to wield the bolt…  The original Danaans may well have come up to the Aegean from Lake Tritonis in Libya… though it is unlikely that they were so called until they reached Syria… We may further identify Danu with the Mother-goddess of the Aegean ‘Danuna,’ a people who about the year 1200 BC, according to contemporary Egyptian inscriptions, invaded Northern Syria in company with…other Eastern Mediterranean peoples. To the Egyptians these were all ‘Peoples of the Sea’…forced by the pressure of the new Indo-European horde to emigrate… ” –p64, The White Goddess.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Peoples

Robert Graves: “Since the close connexion here suggested between ancient British, Greek, and Hebrew religion will not be easily excepted, I wish to make it immediately clear that I am not a British Israelite… My reading of the case is that at different periods in the second millennium B.C. a confederacy of mercantile tribes, called in Egypt ‘the People of the Sea’, were displaced from the Aegean…[and] that some of these wandered north along already established trade-routes, and eventually reached Britain and Ireland; and that others wandered west…[with] some elements reaching Ireland by way of North Africa and Spain. Still others invaded Syria and Canaan, among them the Philistines who captured the shrine of Hebron in southern Judea from the Edomite clan… These borrowings were eventually harmonized in the Pentateuch with a body of Semitic, Indo-European and Asianic myth which composed  the religious traditions of the mixed Israelite confederacy. The connexion then, between the early myths of the Hebrews, Greeks, and the Celts is that [they] were civilized by the same Aegean people…And this is not of merely antiquarian interest, for the popular appeal of modern Catholicism is, despite the patriarchal Trinity and the all-male priesthood, based rather on the Aegean Mother-and-son religious tradition…than on its Aramaean or Indo-European ‘warrior-god’ elements.” –p61, ibid.

Indeed, the Great Mother gives birth to the son who becomes her husband and hero: In ancient Syria she is Asherah (Astarte, Ashteroth), wife of EL, represented as a wooden “pole”, mast, or staff. In Asherah’s icons a ‘tree’ is typically carved on her belly—the word belly deriving from her son(s) Bel, Baal, Belinus—and we would recognize her cognates in the sacred ASH tree: “In Greece the ash was sacred to Poseidon, the second god of the Achaean trinity…”(p176, ibid.)

Asherah, God’s wife (from minute 27 to the end), the Tree of Life https://123movies.net/watch/GpDgXPbG-bible-s-buried-secrets-season-1/episode-2.html

The brothers of Zeus, Poseidon and Hades, were both eventually given ‘trident’ fish-spears to wield, beginning with the diminution of Poseidon, “and Zeus reserved the sole right to wield the Bolt.” In Greek, the letter ‘Psi’ reveals the fish spear which today is heraldry for Psychology and numerous other applications, for example, denoting ‘pseudo-uracil’ as a form of ribonucleic acid in mRNA. We saw the fish spear Letter earlier in the hands of Lord Saturn the crow. In the lands of letters we see Psi becoming three: U, I, and Y, but in its simplest observation there is a tree with three branches.

“Pseudouridine (abbreviated by the Greek letter psi- Ψ)[1] is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine in which the uracil is attached via a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond. (In this configuration, uracil is sometimes referred to as ‘pseudouracil’.) Pseudouridine is the most abundant RNA modification in cellular RNA… Ψ is found in the large and small ribosomal subunits of all domains of life and their organelles… When pseudouridine is used in place of uridine in synthetic mRNA, the modified mRNA molecule arouses less response from Toll-like receptors, a part of the human immune system that would otherwise identify the mRNA as unwelcome. This makes pseudouridine useful in mRNA vaccines, including the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This property of pseudouridine was discovered by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in 2005.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudouridine

The team of ‘Kariko-Weissman’ that discovered this stealthy property of pseudouracil in RNA would probably not appreciate me pointing out that their combined names carry the meaning of ‘White Crow’. In birdland today, a white crow or raven is considered a mutation but in origin stories of crows they were all once white until cast into a fire and roasted black.

….

The HARBINGER implicit in this message from the crows, coded deeply into our collective consciousness by symbols and myth, is the ongoing subject of this post as Corona the Crow continues. In a tie-in with magenta-to-white of the T-mobile logo, calling it “New Magenta” as they do, one of a few anagrams from New Magenta is “want Ma gene”– a ‘mother’ seed-of-change from the Technocracy.

*

In the Mother tongue, ‘charcoal’ is a compound crow word of carbonaceous material obtained by heating an organic substance, as wood, in the absence of air” (from the Webster’s on my shelf), producing a useful product from the fire that is also called a ‘cherry’, or fruit of the firey wood. On nature’s terms, coals are the harvest of ashes and soot, survivors of holo-causts that can be carried away as seeds of new fires. In the naming of things (‘taxonomy’) we give the cherry-(carbon)-ASH-seed-coals to the family of birds called “Craticus” –the ‘calling’ birds, who in their flight of exodus (‘colare’ in Latin) carry ‘fire’ out into the world.  By the fanciful expansion of sacred language ( as in ‘chola’, or ‘cola’) the name (Saint) Nicholas—Santa Claus— conjures a crow visit on one of the most sacred calendar nights of the year—the ‘darkest’ and coldest of days in the north. To the English, he was ‘old King Cole.’ To their ancestors, he was Saturn (Set, Satan, or ‘soot’), Lord Chronos the timekeeper, and his party was called Saturnalia. https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=cole

American schoolchildren have traditionally learned that the Father of the Nation, George Washington, chopped down a cherry tree as a child of six, and though ‘wrong’ in doing so he was reconciled to his father by telling the truth. As one of the most celebrated secret-society Freemasons in history, the falsity of this tale is one to reckon with.  Children all over it seems are subject to a version of Santa Claus, whether or not he enters by the fireplace, in the great make-believe of being ‘everywhere, all at once’ and knowing what they deserve. Good children get presents in their stockings and bad ones get lumps of coal, perhaps in the old days well aware that it meant violating the catechism of good behavior. Do we give lumps of coal to kids today, or do we give them cell phones for good behavior?—amounting to much the same psychic result of casting them into the fire for remaking:

 “ ‘Almost all people of all eras are hypnotics. Their beliefs are induced beliefs. The proper authorities saw to it that the proper belief should be induced, and people believed properly.’ –Charles Fort… In a study of mind control and psychological warfare, it is not enough to simply review the latest technology of coercion… Far more dangerous than these appliances is the praxis behind them, the underground current which informs the modern project and this modern era. For life in our modern era is little more than life in an open-air mind control laboratory where a form of human alchemy has emerged to transform the mass of targeted percipients—targeted merely by virtue of their being urban dwellers plugged into the electronic and digital pageantry of the Establishment’s system-of-things.”—pp18-19,  Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare, by Michael A. Hoffman II, 2001

*

Oracular crow words related to the fire-stone “cherry” are virtually too many to name but in the most singular sense represent the Maidenhead and rites of the Great Mother. We get the words church, chore, cherish, charm, charisma, charade, and chariot; the body (corpus) parts cervix, cortex, cerebrum, cornea, cochlea, coronary and cervical structures and chakras with the practice of body worship (can we say ‘warship’?) in service (Crow for ‘cherry’) to the godhead. https://www.etymonline.com/word/cherry

…and do we not also practice “Psi”-ence in the worship of our god-selves?

“The original notion in the Latin verb probably is “to separate one thing from another, to distinguish,” or else “to incise.” This is related to scindere “to cut, divide” (from PIE root *skei- “to cut, split;” source also of Greek skhizein “to split, rend, cleave,” Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan “to divide, separate”).” https://www.etymonline.com/word/science

The equivalence of Science from its ancient roots evolved from ‘scythe’ (‘scithe’), ‘sword’, ‘scion’, ‘scier’ and ‘sek’: The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) use of ‘sek’ is suggested in the Hittite word ‘shakk’, or “to know,” and the Lithuanian word ‘isekti’ which means “to engrave, carve,” and rather tellingly associated by sound and spelling to the Old French ‘scier’(’sier’) meaning ‘saw’.   “Since the Middle Ages, it was carried by personifications of Time and Death.”  https://www.etymonline.com/word/scythe

TIME and DEATH

“Where Does the Grim Reaper Come From? The Grim Reaper is a psychopomp: a creature (in this case, roughly human in form) that guides departed souls to the afterlife. Throughout history, there have been numerous psychopomps, from other human versions to animals, like ravens. Compared to ancient angels of death, the Grim Reaper is a relatively recent addition… It’s thought that the Grim Reaper appeared in around the 14th century when a specific historical…event known as the Black Death or simply “the plague” changed the way the average person viewed death… Additionally, the Grim Reaper is often pictured floating or flying, rather than simply walking. This mimics the ways in which the death gods of eras past got around, including the Valkyries, who hovered above battlefields.” https://www.joincake.com/blog/grim-reaper/

The Coroner

Little imagination appends to our progress in defining TIME and DEATH as a heritage of “cut, slash, and burn” science. Kitchens and washrooms have become our modern laboratories and the domain of skillful ‘cleavers’ (clever) in their arts. A personal joke of mine is to mentally refer to Pierre and Marie Curie and their friends as the Val-Curies, whose contributions to 20th century science can hardly be overstated. Ironically perhaps, “Curie” is straight from the Crow lexicon: “ ‘Cure’…from Old Latin coira-, a noun of unknown origin…[which has evolved to] cura ‘care, concern, trouble,’ or… In reference to fish, pork, etc., ‘prepare for preservation by drying, salting, etc.,’” to which we might add smoking, charring, boiling and canning in our acts of preservation. https://www.etymonline.com/word/cure To this end, the modern model derived from antiquity is to build great labyrinths of stores for bodies and minds; catacombs, cemeteries, hospitals, libraries, and schools, over which bureaucrats, democrats, and aristocrats are called to rule. In medieval times, the great gothic cathedral itself was a ‘curation’ for the body-and-soul of the community. In all these places, we are meant to be secured and safely lost to the outside world to attain a sacred purpose –to be found, in oneself, transformed and completed.

History’s most celebrated labyrinth lies below the palace of Knossos on the island of Crete from where the legend of Theseus and the Minotaur, the bull-headed creature of Minos, was born. In short, Theseus of Athens posed as a sacrificial ‘tribute’ to the powerful Minoans in order to kill the labyrinth-dwelling Minotaur and end the tributary practice of Crete. The word ‘labyrinth’ is generally agreed to derive from ‘labrys’, a ceremonial double-headed axe which “is not a weapon and always accompanies women” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrys , having its likeliest origin from Labraunda in the Anatolian province of Caria. The eastern Carians may be the oldest settlers of Crete, dating back to 7000BC, and builders of the labyrinth which the palace of Knossus supplanted. The evident ‘T’ shape of the labrys and associated bull—cow mother from the Age of Taurus—identifies a matriarchal culture. As a daughter of the Moon (Pasifae) from Crete, and half-sister to the Minotaur, the goddess Ariadne was carried to the far reaches of Europe where her legacy in Wales became Arianrhod, and her abode in the sky named “Corona Borealis” –as Robert Graves explains, “Arianrhod is one more more aspect of Caridwen, or Cerridwen, the White Goddess of Life-in-Death and Death-in-Life; and to be in the Castle of Arianrhod is to be in a royal purgatory awaiting resurrection. For in primitive European belief it was only kings, chieftains and poets, or magicians, who were privileged to be reborn. Countless other less distinguished souls wandered disconsolately in the icy grounds of the Castle, as yet uncheered by the Christian hope of universal resurrection.” –p98, The White Goddess.

Does this constellation look like a crown? Or a set of horns? Note from the Wikipedia link that “Among the Bedouins, the constellation was known as qaṣʿat al-masākīn (قصعة المساكين), or “the dish/bowl of the poor people”  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Borealis  —

As a bowl, cup or cauldron,  the Womb of creation is once again the sacred object from which the most valiant servants are recycled and born again. The Bronze Age dispersion of Crow people saw ‘new’ funerary practices brought into central Europe which included cremation and the collection of ashes in urns, considered a cultural innovation called “Urnfield” (13th c.BC) and descriptive of people who made ceremonial use of cauldrons. One of the most famous cauldrons in art history is a first century artifact known as the Gundestrup Cauldron, found in Denmark 1891 and assumed to be originally forged in the Balkans where it once had glass eyes. Gundestrup is an impressive treat for your eyes: On the first panel shown here the goddess and her wheels suggest a Cinderella carriage. The second shows the recycling warriors emerging from the immortal urn on horse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron

In this work of Scottish art, we see the Phoenix, like a white raven, rising from its immortal cauldron. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen_Bestiary

“A valkyrie (pronounced “VAL-ker-ee”; Old Norse valkyrja, plural valkyrjur, “choosers of the fallen”) is a female helping spirit of the god Odin. The modern image of the valkyries as elegant, noble maidens bearing dead heroes to Valhalla is largely accurate for what it is, but a highly selective portrayal that exaggerates their pleasant qualities… As far as we today can tell, the valkyries have always had such characteristics, but in heathen times they were far more sinister. The meaning of their name, “choosers of the slain,” refers not only to their choosing who gains admittance to Valhalla, but also to their choosing who dies in battle… The Saga of the Volsungs compares beholding a valkyrie to “staring into a flame.”…. https://norse-mythology.org/gods-and-creatures/valkyries/

Open air court of the Curie Lab

There Marie put the pitchblende in huge pots, stirred and cooked it, and ground it into powder. She added chemicals to the substance and tried to isolate all the elements in it…” https://newsela.com/read/BHP-U3-4-MarieCurie/id/3502; Etching of the ‘kitchen pots’ for separating radium https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/stage-in-the-separation-of-radium-from-pitchblende-using-news-photo/463915109?adppopup=true  

“When her husband was killed [1906] in a road accident just two years after their second daughter was born, Marie was grief-struck. The University of Paris offered her Pierre’s faculty position making Marie the first female professor there… She was determined to get the Radium Institute, which she’d founded, up and running. When World War began, Marie contributed along with the help of her daughter Irene (who would later win a Nobel Prize herself) by setting up radiological centres on the battlefields. As the director of the Red Cross’s Radiology Service, she set up hundreds of radiological units and mobile radiological vehicles just in the first year of the war…” https://thewire.in/science/marie-curies-birth-anniversary-lets-question-social-evils-battled-exist-even-today ;  

Mme Curie in her own battlefield X-ray truck

“Piezoelectricity was discovered in 1880 by Pierre and Paul-Jacques Curie, who found that when they compressed certain types of crystals including quartz, tourmaline, and Rochelle salt, along certain axes, a voltage was produced on the surface of the crystal. The next year, they observed the converse effect, the elongation of such crystals upon the application of an electric current.” https://www.britannica.com/science/piezoelectricity#:~:text=Piezoelectricity%20was%20discovered%20in%201880%20by%20Pierre%20and,was%20produced%20on%20the%20surface%20of%20the%20crystal. “The first practical application was sonar, and it was developed in France during World War I, by Paul Langevin and his coworkers…” https://onscale.com/piezoelectricity/history-of-piezoelectricity/

Pierre Curie was killed by a fast-moving horse-drawn wagon as he stepped off a curb into a rainy Paris street near the Sorbonne in 1906. He was by then distracted and made ill by radiation. His 1903 Nobel legacy speech left us these words: “It is possible to conceive that in criminal hands radium might prove very dangerous, and the question therefore arises whether it be to the advantage of humanity to know the secrets of nature, whether we be sufficiently mature to profit by them, or whether that knowledge may not prove harmful. Take for instance, the discoveries of Nobel—powerful explosives have made it possible for men to achieve admirable things, but they are also a terrible means of destruction in the hands of those great criminals who draw nations into war. I am among those who believe with Nobel that humanity will obtain more good than evil from future discoveries.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1891197/

In 1995, amid high ceremony and national pride, the Curies were exhumed from their humble churchyard graves and prepared for re-interment in the great Pantheon of Paris. As she was the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne in life, Marie was the first woman at the Pantheon in death. Their radioactive remains lay sealed in lead-lined sarcophaguses, deep in the labyrinthine crypt: “ their remains are quite unique: When they were disinterred from their original resting place, they were so radioactive that they were interred in the Pantheon in inch-thick lead coffins that prevent the radiation from harming those who come to honor them…with radium 226, the most stable isotope of radium that has a half-life of approximately 1,500 years, their remains will stay dangerously radioactive for at least that long.”  https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/02/27/marie-curie/?firefox=1  Longer, in fact, if the “times ten” rule-of-thumb for half-lives is applied, this Ave Maria will chirp 15,000 years into the future.

Crypt of the Curies in the Pantheon of Paris

“The Latin Cronos was called Saturn and in his statues he was armed with a pruning-knife crooked like a crow’s bill: probably a rebus on his name. For though the later Greeks liked to think that the name meant chronos, ‘time’, because any very old man was humorously called ‘Cronos’, the more likely derivation is from the same root cron or corn that gives the Greek and Latin words for crow—corone and cornix. The crow was a bird much consulted by augurs and symbolic, in Italy as in Greece, of long life.” –p66, The White Goddess.

“The carrion crow (Corvus corone) is a passerine bird of the family Corvidae and the genus Corvus which is native to western Europe and the eastern Palearctic… and it still bears its original name of Corvus corone.[2] The binomial name is derived from the Latin corvus, “raven”,[3] and Greek κορώνη korōnē, “crow”.[4] The hooded crow, formerly regarded as a subspecies, has been split off as a separate species…and it has been proposed they could have evolved independently in the wetter, maritime regions at the opposite ends of the Eurasian landmass.[5] Along with the hooded crow, the carrion crow occupies a similar ecological niche in Eurasia to the American crow (C. brachyrhynchos) in North America…The plumage of the carrion crow is black with a green or purple sheen, much greener than the gloss of the rook. The bill, legs and feet are also black. It can be distinguished from the common raven by its size… Scientific classification: Animalia; Phylum Chordata; Class Aves; Order Passeriformes; Family Corvidae; Genus Corvus; Species; C. corone…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion_crow

aviary (n.)

1570s, from Latin aviarium “place in which birds are kept,” neuter of aviarius “of birds,” from avis “bird,” from PIE root *awi- “bird”…*awi-  also might be the source of *wyo, *yyo, Proto-Indo-European words for “egg” …the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit vih, Avestan vish, Latin avis “bird;” Greek aietos “eagle;” Old Church Slavonic aja, Russian jajco, Breton ui, Welsh wy, Greek ōon, Latin ovum, Old Norse egg, Old High German ei, Gothic ada all meaning “egg.” https://www.etymonline.com/word/aviary

ave

“hail,” also “farewell,” early 13c. (in reference to the Ave Maria), from Latin ave, second person singular imperative of avere “to be or fare well”…Ave Maria  modified form of the angelic salutation…  See ave + Maria.” https://www.etymonline.com/word/ave ; “historically, ave was the common word for any bird…” https://efbce.fluxus.org/what-does-ave-in-latin-mean

The literal root-word meaning of “ave Maria” is bird-of-the-sea:

 “In medieval poetry the Virgin Mary was plainly identified with the Muse [Triple Goddess]…in charge of the Cauldron of Cerridwen… The medieval Brigit shared the Muse-ship with…’Mary Gipsy’ or St. Mary of Egypt… This charming Virgin with the blue robe and pearl necklace was the ancient pagan Sea-goddess Marian in transparent disguise… Marian is the merry-maid, as ‘mermaid’ was once written… Every initiate of the Eleusinian Mysteries, which were of Pelasgian origin, went through a love rite with her representative after taking a cauldron bath… The Greeks called her Aphrodite (‘risen from sea foam’)…[and she] can be identified with the Moon-goddess Eurynome [‘wide rule’] whose statue…in Arcadia was a mermaid carved in wood.” –pp393-395, The White Goddess.

A curious turn of language for ‘cauldron’ in Welsh is the word ‘pair’ (or ‘peir’) and a secondary form ‘mair’, both translations for cauldron, according to Graves’s source. Their French homophones ‘pere’ and ‘mere’ describe parents, and interestingly, provide roots to the names Pierre and Marie which could otherwise be associated to ‘rock’ and ‘water’– an elemental pairing of the primal Earth itself. Or herself, as any sea bird would know. Perhaps in this ‘first couple’ of the Paris Pantheon, exhumed for the New Age Millenium, we have a Revelation of the Method that Michael Hoffman describes as the Alchemical Processing of Humanity:

 “The occult Cryptocracy processes the Group Mind of the masses through psychodrama. The alchemical and Rosicrucian command dogmas were literary works… The narrative, the plot, the characters and symbolism all constitute the imprinting that is one of the highest functions of cere-mon[y]… There is a dark poetry to ritual…, to twilight language, to the fantastic convergences known as coincidence. Most ‘conspiracy researchers’ miss these. The best investigator –of the occult or of almost anything else—has a child-like sense of curiosity and wonder about seemingly mundane things. John Stilgoe, professor of Landscape History at Harvard University, in his book Outside Lies Magic, writes of the ‘ordinary’ in our lives: ‘The whole concatenation of wild and artificial things, the natural ecosystem as modified by people over the centuries, the built environment layered over layers… becomes the theater that intrigues… fascinates… and above all expands any mind focused on it. Outside lies utterly ordinary space open to any casual explorer willing to find the extraordinary. Outside lies unprogrammed awareness…” –p7, Secret Societies and Psychological Warfare, 2001, Michael A. Hoffman II.

….outside the curated labyrinth….

Corona the Crow, Part Two https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2022/12/06/corona-the-crow-part-two/

February 4, 2022

The Great Space Invasion Begins…

The Cellular Phone Task Force reports:

441,449 LOW EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES
Operating, Approved and Proposed
While the attention of a terrified world has been riveted on a virus, and while concern about radiation has been focused on 5G on the ground, the assault on the heavens has reached astronomical proportions. During the past two years, the number of satellites circling the earth has increased from 2,000 to 4,800, and a flood of new projects has brought the number of operating, approved, and proposed satellites to at least 441,449. And that number only includes low-earth-orbit (LEO)satellites that will reside in the ionosphere…

*

See the List of satellite companies and read more at https://www.cellphonetaskforce.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/441449-Low-Earth-Orbit-Satellites.pdf

*

Low earth orbiters, from “operating” to “proposed”, is a one hundred-fold increase!!

Watch this 2019 42minute documentary, (already ‘dated’ in its assessment of only ‘thousands’ of satellites) called ‘Internet from Space’ describing the equipment and skills needed to maintain a single system ‘megaconstellation’ of several hundred orbiters https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/high-speed-internet-outer-space/

*

Satellite system governance and orbiter assignments are under the control of the International Telecommunication Union, the oldest continuing agency of the United Nations https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union

May 16, 2021

Severe Aging Response Syndrome

*

SARS, as in SARS-CoV2, and the invented vaccines inducing it should stand for Severe Aging Response Syndrome, in that all sequelae appear to relate to a rapid depletion of a most necessary nutrient: NAD+, a metabolic ‘redox’ driver that makes 500 or more essential enzymes. In the previous post ‘Grab Your NADS,’ I quote the ‘longevity’ researcher David A. Sinclair as saying “Without any NAD we’d be dead in thirty seconds.”

*

An example of vaccine-induced ”aging meltdown” in a young person:

“Whatsherface” posts the morbid adverse reaction of a 12-year-old to Morderna’s mRNA –caught by Max Igan at the Crowhouse, April 29  https://www.bitchute.com/video/JsCu2uAFcQiP/

*

Covid, which I’m not suggesting is a virus disease, is an accelerator, like your gas pedal, driving the speed of your vehicle from 10mph (or your current age in mph)to over 100 and getting stuck there! –‘Gone in Thirty Seconds’, huh?!

The biological havoc causes  the regulators called sirtuins (which are ‘silent information regulators’) to rally to the damage areas, which is normally a different and temporary ‘repair’ job for sirtuins, which are designed to go back and ‘silence’ the genes they came from—if they ever make it back.

Cutting to the chase, I’ll re-post a three paragraph quote from Sinclair where he comments on the epigenomic, or gene expression, ‘information theory” of aging:

   “If the information theory is correct –that aging is caused by overworked epigenetic signalers responding to cellular insult and damage—it doesn’t so much matter where the damage occurs. What matters is that it is being damaged and that sirtuins are rushing all over the place to address that damage, leaving their typical responsibilities and sometimes returning [after repairs] to other places along the genome where they are silencing genes that aren’t supposed to be silenced…

   “It’s not hard to intentionally break DNA [to prove it]… You can do it with chemotherapy. You can do it with X-rays. (p48).” 

 [They can do it with vaccines!]

…”[In mice] we’d simply broken the mice’s DNA…and forced the cell to paste, or ‘ligate,’ them back together… Those breaks had induced a sirtuin response…[and] their absence from their normal duties and presence on other parts of the genome altered the ways in which lots of genes were being expressed at the wrong time… The digital [DNA] code…was the same as it has always been. But the analog [epigenetic] machine built to read that code was able to pick up only bits and pieces of the data. (p50).

…”Here’s the vital takeaway: we could age mice without affecting any of the most commonly assumed causes of aging. We hadn’t made their cells mutate. We hadn’t touched their telomeres. We hadn’t messed with their mitochondria…[or] exhausted their stem cells…[A]ll the symptoms of aging…were being caused…by the epigenetic changes that come as a result of DNA damage signals. We hadn’t given the mice all of those ailments. We had given them aging. And if you can give something, you can take it away.” –p52, Lifespan, by David A. Sinclair, 2019, Thorsons/HarperCollins publisher.

*

Here’s a paper from David Sinclair about sirtuins:

“Mammalian sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacylases with a huge range of roles in transcription regulation, energy metabolism modulation, cell survival, DNA repair, inflammation, and circadian rhythm regulation…” 

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312498

 I’m skipping all the biochemistry details in this post, but you can find just about every accelerated ailment in covid/vaccine reactions mentioned as sirtuin regulated; blood flow, pressure, immune surveillance, T-and-B cell activity, etc., etc., ETC.

Survival may be dependent on how well you grab your NADs.

*

************************************************************

Extra-terrestrial Curiosity

Around 1960 or so, the United States launched its first global spy satellite system and called it ARS for Advanced Reconnaissance System, a name changed soon after to ‘Corona’  –you can call it a (S)atellite Advanced Recon.System/Corona or “SARS-Corona” ‘fyou like and read about it in Atomic Oswald Three. Later on, in 2009, I heard about the satellite-based GEIS program, for Global Emerging Infections Surveillance which I speculate was not a space-based ‘watcher’ but a ‘driver’. These articles are listed in the Blog Index.

The ARS ‘name’ can be reckoned to Acute Respiratory Syndrome, which was the illness that came along in 2003 when they added ‘Severe’.

The significance of  “name-tracking,” I believe, is not just symbolic but may be a unifying thread no matter where-in-time the name comes. The program ‘name’ can appear even decades before the ‘event’ which connects them. For example, the new 5G ‘StarLink’ satellite has a naming forebear applied to GMO corn –the ‘StarLink’ Bt corn that was recalled some 20 years ago. Pretty weird name for corn, dontcha think?

In chronological order of underrated bio-catastrophes, the StarLink fiasco was followed by SARS.

StarLink Corn: What Happened | Center for Consumer Research

ccr.ucdavis.edu › biotechnology › starlink-corn-what

“Jun 28, 2017 · The controversy began when traces of DNA from StarLink corn were found in taco shells and other corn related products. Although there are several varieties of Bt corns in the market, StarLink was illegal in human food. It was only approved for animal feed…”

*

On the face of it, StarLink  Bt genes in human food products, some 300 of them, were loudly ‘recalled’ in 2000, but like other transgenes, they persist by expanding their environment and jumping species. According to Wikipedia, StarLink was found in Saudi Arabia in 2013 and surely needs an update. Today, the Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria (Bt) among others that carry it are known to cause sub-chronic lung infection and leaky gut syndrome: “ Bt’s aggressive mechanism harms the digestive system by effectively attacking normal gut cells thereby burning holes in the intestines.” https://dreddymd.com/2017/03/26/what-is-the-bt-toxin/

Bt toxins are a particular burden in foods that kids enjoy: milk, ice cream, cereal, pasta, potatoes and more. Claire Hope Cummings wrote in her 2008 book Uncertain Peril, “Worse, the National Research Council says that ‘the evolution of resistance to Bt crops is inevitable’…In itself, gene flow is not necessarily harmful. What matters is the kind of molecule that’s moving around, where it goes, and how it behaves once it gets there. When transgenes used to modify one plant move into another plant, they can become unstable and behave unpredictably. When natural genes do this, they are governed by biological rules that …developed over millennia to deal with gene flow and to keep species separate… Genetic engineering by definition overcomes these rules…[and] is the very essence of invasiveness, by design.” –pp31-34, Uncertain Peril

UnSIRTain perils, if you like my spelling, are rapid aging and disease, long known to be caused by radiation/RF/EMF. Look at the two agencies that funded SARS research: NIAID (Fauci’s fiefdom) and the National Institute of Aging.

I’m going to unwind some of this “gain-of-function” information about the spike protein mentioned by Dr. Fleming in his interview –so stand by and come back in a few days if you care to. The doctors Fleming mentions, Ralph Baric and Peter Daszak, are in my ‘virus’ wheelhouse with their research ‘interests’ such as Norwalk Virus (Baric’s specialty–“the most common cause of gastroenteritis” with symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea), and Daszak’s West Nile and Foot and Mouth Viruses. These are all poliovirus-like pathogens found in the gut, which instinct tells me have everything to do with enterotoxins like the Bt ‘insecticide’genes, the frequency signals coming off systems like GEIS and StarLink, and the epidemic occurrence of flu (polio).

*

*

Shocker: Why is this substance in the Moderna COVID vaccine?

by Jon Rappoport

May 19, 2021

…” It’s called SM-102… [The] data sheet lists the effects of SM-102. Here is the opening note: ‘For research use only, not for human or veterinary use.’ …Then the safety data sheet lights up with adverse effects/warnings re SM-102. For example: ‘Suspected of causing cancer. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Causes damage to the central nervous system, the kidneys, the liver and the respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.’ “  https://blog.nomorefakenews.com/2021/05/19/shocker-why-is-this-substance-in-the-moderna-covid-vaccine/

*

Added May 22:

Now, this SM-102 substance is relevant in any amount placed in the context of this “water memory” video from 2014 showing Dr. Luc Montagnier following through on earlier experiments about the ability of water molecules to carry and transmit DNA signals into the surrounding environment –literally to transmit specific frequencies of unique DNA and other molecules through the fluid substrate. Montagnier was a Nobel Prize winner for ‘discovering’ HIV –and the documentation presented by Dr.Fleming is proof of the claim having HIV inserted into the SARS-CoV-2 spike. HIV/AIDS we all remember, induced wasting and ‘rapid aging’ on the sufferer. Dr. Nancy Banks discussed the ‘oxidative’ and ‘nitrosative’ stress disorder in AIDS patients as a ‘redox’ dysfunction and we witnessed in AIDS a kind of ‘aging meltdown’.

“Water Memory” transmission theory, video featuring Luc Montagnier

 

In this program, Montagnier recreates a 2005 HIV water ‘dilution’ experiment where the very fine-tune signals of HIV are detectable after multiple dilutions in water to the point of no DNA being present in the water samples. A second laboratory, far away in Italy, receives the digital signal ‘file’ of the samples, sent by internet, and exposes fresh water to the signal “music” of HIV in order to reconstitute the genetic structure of the HIV –they succeed to 98% accuracy. “This is a turning point in biology” says an Italian colleague. “Unbelievable” says another. At minute 46, Montagnier recaps with “Everything started with the measure of the electromagnetic signals as we found at the beginning [and] contrary to many other diseases, [there were] two types of signals coming from HIV-infected patients. We know the virus is there but now [2014] we’re conducting research on the bacteria—we’re trying to identify the origin of these [other] signals…as we could possibly get rid of the bacteria more easily than the HIV virus itself. That could be a means of stopping the epidemic [of AIDS]”…  [He] has found a bacteria that he thinks is the co-factor [in ‘red’ cells– blood]… [and if he could cure someone of AIDS, says Montagnier], “I would be in heaven, swimming with angels.”

*

Dr. Fleming’s expertise as a cardiologist would be the body’s fluid systems (water, blood, electrolytes, cytosol, secretions, etc) and the NAD-dependent angiotensin hormone that regulates them with the angiotensin-converting enzymes –the ACE(2)—receptor domains in this COVID-infiltration crime. His specialty as an MD is cofactoring the virus and bacteria in our fluids.

“The water [memory] theory…talks about signals” says the Montagnier video narration [min 31] and so does longevity researcher David Sinclair [“DNA damage signals”] and we are are very close to admission of treatment by signals alone. The CIA crossed this bridge around the time of ARS-Corona satellites, finding similitude of frequencies to mind-altering drugs.

I would urge you to read ‘EMF Killing Fields’ on the blog –it’s never been more applicable than now. https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2012/06/21/emf-killing-fields/ We have the Corona satellites in place in 1964 when along came a ‘new’ virus– though everyone said it was influenza– which was given the name ‘coronavirus’ by David Tyrrell from the UK head of the “Common Cold” unit out of the University of London. Peter Daszak, zoologist and president of EcoHealth Alliance, hails from the same alma mater and so did the core of ‘crystallographers’ who discovered the structure of viral DNA (from tobacco mosaic virus) in the ’50s (Rosalind Franklin’s group, in Planting Viruses). EcoHealth Alliance, says Dr. Feming, “is NIH and the CIA.”

Biology practice went ‘quantum’ in the early 1960s.

*

Adding….5/23

The DNA-busters are all around you, transmitting the signals of damage—the ‘blueprints’ are signals. It explains the cellular mayhem which occurs on contact, like misfolding proteins and  ‘arrested development’ from sirtuin displacement, causing among other problems, senescent [‘old’] cells which stop replicating to avoid passing on mutations. This is cell ‘protection’ mode which Bruce Lipton teaches is the counterbalance to ‘growth’, the two modes that can’t occur at the same time. Chemical and radiation exposures in utero can result in babies born old (or not born at all) and, as David Sinclair might say, with the disease of aging.

Welcome to the Telecosm.

   In this one minute video transcribed here, Dr. Pierre Gilbert was filmed in 1995 making the statement that ,”In biological destruction there are organized tempests on the magnetic fields. What will follow is the contamination of the bloodstreams of mankind, creating intentional infections. And [the] vaccines will make [it] possible to control people. The vaccines will have liquid crystals that will become hosted in the brain cells which will become micro-receivers of electromagnetic fields where waves of very very low frequencies will be sent. And through these low frequency waves people will be unable to think—you’ll be turned into a zombie. Don’t think of this as an hypothesis… this has been done. Think of Ruanda.” https://www.bitchute.com/video/g2UOYbt5D62H/

*

The Last Mile

In telecom-speak, ‘the last mile’ is the hard-to-reach but ultimate goal of transmitting signal to every surface and person on the planet. Having entered our public technical phraseology sometime in the 1990s, I suggested on this blog after reading George Gilder’s 2000 book ‘Telecosm,’ that the last mile is you. Now, with COVID upon us, I think I can describe it—the ‘comment’ section will be used to further this exploratory definition. Meanwhile, some intriguing questions arise from possibilities in ‘water memory’, like using the fluid medium to create and manufacture ‘de novo’ genes and proteins by “playing the music” of digital microbes.

********************

UPDATES to the timeline below should include the 1996 establishment of GEIS, the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance program. More updates will go in the rolling comments.

From EMF Killing Fields:

This snip out of the timeline is beginning to tell a story:

1996

–Mad Cow disease is identified, caused by ‘prions’, farmer/scientist Mark Purdey files suit in the UK; originally called “bovine AIDS”

–Feb., US Congress passes the Telecommunications Act of 1996; prohibits local gov’ts and citizens from siting cell towers based on health and environment concerns http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/telco96.html

–May, Alzheimer’s world expert, Dr. Tsunao Saitoh, is murdered in La Jolla, California during broad daylight by ‘men in black’

–May-Oct, largest outbreak of E.coli in history; Japan; 17,877 cases, 12 deaths (peak in July) https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2011/06/25/shiga-boom/

WAR in the Congo (initiated as ‘first Congo war’), ongoing… Hostilities estimated to have killed 10 million  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5391/is_200109/ai_n21477105/

–July, The US Dept. of Defense issues the Joint Non Lethal Weapons Directive featuring Active Denial acoustic frequency systems http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/300003p.pdf

–US Food and Drug Administration “revised 50-year-old regulations to allow medical researchers to enroll patients.. without their consent” [see Jay Katz obit]  http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/nyregion/20katz.html

–Aug., U.S. Air Force reveals techniques on “Owning the Weather” http://www.chemtrails911.com/docs/00_2008/Chemtrails%20Timeline%201.htm…………..

And let’s not forget:

“New York City’s Office of Emergency Management (OEM) was created in 1996 by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani to manage the city’s response to catastrophes, including terrorist attacks (see 1996). In the years preceding 9/11, it holds regular interagency training exercises… One exercise, which takes place in May 2001, is based on terrorists attacking New York with bubonic plague (see May 11, 2001)… OEM will be preparing for a bioterrorism exercise the morning of 9/11…  http://thirdring.wordpress.com/ ( a blog about the anthrax attacks)

*

Part of that story is told in “Blood Coltan…the precious metal in the heart of every mobile [phone] from the Congo” http://wideeyecinema.com/?p=842

   Another part of the story has roots in the late 60s with the development of genetic recombination and the successful achievements of Paul Berg combining E.coli with the SV40 monkey virus “transgene”. SV40, an ingredient in mass-produced vaccines of the 50s and 60s along with HeLa cells, readily ‘expresses’ its genes under the influence of radiofrequency. The rapidly proliferating, gene-swapping E.coli are the most natural bacteria vector in the mammalian life-cycle.

   In 1974, the Director of the NIH was one of the top “health physicists” in the country, Dr. Robert S. Stone of UCLA. Stone participated in the secret human plutonium injection experiments for the Manhattan Project (Atomic Energy Commission). In the early 70s, as the mobile-phone/cellular rollout was underway, NIH Director Stone penned this official note to a colleague: “…a year ago [1973] our concern was limited to only a few [genetically recombined] agents of importance to man, such as the infectious adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrids. In the past year, the technology for the production of autonomously replicating DNA recombinants has burgeoned, and we will have to be concerned not only with possible pathogens of human beings, but also..agents of agricultural and industrial importance…” http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/CDBBGK.pdf

*(end of snip from EMF Killing Fields)

*

*

April 21, 2021

Grab Your NADs!

*

*

Grab your NADs…and take a deep breath…

NAD+, the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide mentioned in the previous post as lacking in Covid patients, is a key molecule in cell respiration, known as ‘redox’ reactions in the electron transport chain. It works by grabbing electrons (becoming ‘reduced’) and transferring them to other molecules (becoming ‘oxidized’ again) in a cycle that activates and nourishes the all-important cell signal pathways.

*

The NAD ‘group’ of molecules are classed as B vitamins – the ‘energy’ vitamins (B3, nicotinic acid, niacin, etc.)—but the more specific NAD+ could very well be in a class by itself. Regenerative medicine is homing in on NAD+ as an exciting field of study in anti-aging, immune health and cell defense.

NAD+ might make you smarter and may also put the ‘smart’ in nanodevices like biosensors and DNA computers which I don’t yet know as to whether these devices can parasitically rob you of your NAD+. Whatever the case, NAD+ deficiency has serious detrimental downstream effects that I’ve learned are associated with the ‘typical’ (and long) list of radiation exposure diseases.

For the moment, I’ll quote some bioresearch documents on NAD+ and say that this post is going to be accumulative.

Research:

“Numerous studies have indicated that four interacting factors, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, calcium dyshomeostasis and inflammation, play crucial pathological roles in multiple major neurological diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increasing evidence has also indicated that NAD(+) plays important roles in not only mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism, but also calcium homeostasis and inflammation.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22204321/

*

“Increasing evidence has indicated critical roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form (NAD+) in various biological functions. NAD+ deficiency has been found in models of a number of diseases such as cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, and diabetes, and in models of aging. Applications of NAD+ or other approaches that can restore NAD+ levels are highly protective in these models of diseases and aging. NAD+ produces its beneficial effects by targeting at multiple pathological pathways, including attenuating mitochondrial alterations, DNA damage, and oxidative stress, by modulating such enzymes as sirtuins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and AP endonuclease. These findings have suggested great therapeutic and nutritional potential of NAD+ for diseases and senescence.” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29295624/

*

Are nanodevices parasitizng your ‘redox’ energy? Read this–  “Confessions of an Engineered Nanoparticle”

Confessions of an Engineered Nanoparticle

*

Video of nanodevice in Pfizer vaccine from TimTruth.com https://odysee.com/@TimTruth:b/Pfizer-vaccine-zoomed:e

*

*

According to David A. Sinclair, PhD, in his 2019 book “Lifespan”,  humans and other lifeforms have two modes of generating the necessary information that sustains life; one being the DNA/RNA ‘digital’ encoding of genomes (genetic) and the other being the heritable ‘analog’ activity of metabolism (epigenetic). He writes that “Unlike digital, analog information degrades over time—falling victim to the conspiring forces of magnetic fields, gravity, cosmic rays, and oxygen. Worse still, information is lost as it’s copied…  [But]…As cloning beautifully proves, our cells retain their youthful digital information even when we are old.”  As Sinclair describes it, “The Information Theory of Aging starts with the primordial survival circuit we inherited from our distant ancestors. Over time, as you might expect, the circuit has evolved… Scientists have found more than two dozen [survival circuits] within our genome. Most of my colleagues call these ‘longevity genes’… But these genes don’t just make life longer, they make it healthier, which is why they can also be thought of as ‘vitality genes.’ Together, these genes form a surveillance network within our bodies, communicating with one another between cells and between organs by releasing proteins and chemicals into the bloodstream, monitoring and responding to what we eat, how much we exercise, and what time of day it is… And now that we know [about] these genes…, scientific discovery has given us an opportunity to explore and exploit them… [u]sing molecules both natural and novel, using technology both simple and complex… we can read them, turn them up and down, and even change them altogether.

   “The longevity genes I work on are called ‘sirtuins,’ named after the yeast SIR2 gene, the first one to be discovered. There are seven sirtuins in mammals, SIRT1 to SIRT7, and they are made by almost every cell in the body…  [S]irtuins are enzymes that remove acetyl tags from histones and other proteins and, by doing so, change the packaging of the DNA, turning genes off and on when needed. These critical epigenetic regulators sit at the very top of cellular control systems, controlling our reproduction and our DNA repair. After a few billion years of advancement since the days of yeast, they have evolved to control our health, our fitness, and our very survival. They have also evolved to require a molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD…  [The] loss of NAD as we age, and the resulting decline in sirtuin activity, is thought to be  a primary reason our bodies develop diseases when we are old but not when we are young.

   “Trading reproduction for repair, the sirtuins order our bodies to ‘buckle down’ in times of stress and protect us against the major diseases of aging: diabetes and heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease and osteoporosis, even cancer. They mute the chronic, overactive inflammation that drives diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic disorders, ulcerative colitis, arthritis and asthma. They prevent cell death and boost mitochondria, the power packs of the cell. They go to battle with muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and macular degeneration. In studies on mice, activating the sirtuins can improve DNA repair, boost memory, increase exercise endurance, and help the mice stay thin, regardless of what they eat. These are not wild guesses as to their power; scientists have established all this… And in no small measure, because [NAD+dependent] sirtuins do all of this based on a rather simple program—the wondrous gene B in the survival circuit—they’re turning out to be more amenable to manipulation than many other longevity genes. They are, it would appear…the key to understanding how our genetic material protects itself during times of adversity, allowing life to persist and thrive for billions of years.”  —pp22-25, Lifespan, by David A. Sinclair, 2019

*

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Deregulation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Metabolism and CD38 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

[April 2019]…”In the current study…  proteomic differences between intestinal tissue from health controls, patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were compared…  When proteins with fold change >1.2 or <0.84 and P value < 0.05 between groups were considered differentially expressed, the expression of 10 proteins, including CD38, involved in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism and signaling pathway showed significant changes in IBD. Using the NCBI GEO database, we confirmed increased CD38 mRNA expression in patients with UC and in mouse colitis models. Protein CD38 expression was higher in CD and UC than in normal controls. CD38 expression was higher in inflamed tissues than in noninflamed tissues, and CD38 was located in F4/80-positive cells. Our study may provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of IBD. Further studies are required on the role of NAD metabolism and CD38 in intestinal inflammation.”  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31179321/

*

NAD Metabolites Analysis Service – Creative Proteomics

http://www.creative-proteomics.com › services › nad

“…The pyridine dinucleotide, NAD+, is a substrate of sirtuins and coenzyme for hydride transfer enzymes and other NAD+-dependent ADP ribose transfer enzymes. It is a unique cellular molecule produced from the pyridine mononucleotides nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)”

*

Assays for NAD +-Dependent Reactions and NAD + Metabolites

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 30097862

“Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) is an essential redox cofactor and signaling molecule that controls the activity of enzymes involved in metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular survival, such as the PARPs, CD38, and the sirtuins. Here, we describe three methods for measuring the activity of these enzymes: the etheno-NAD+ assay measures NAD+ hydrolase activity using an NAD+ analog to produce a fluorescent product that is measured in real time; the PNC1 assay converts a native product of NAD+ hydrolysis, nicotinamide, into a quantitative fluorescent readout; and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used to characterize the entire NAD+ metabolome in a sample. These methods will enable new insights into the roles that NAD+ and the enzymes that utilize it play in health and disease.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30097862/

*

*

NAD deficiency and Cytokine Storms

Researchers have learned that NAD deficiency corresponds to increased ‘CD38’:

“CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling…  CD38 is most frequently found on plasma B cells, followed by natural killer cells, followed by B cells and T cells, and then followed by a variety of cell types…  [It was] discovered to be not simply a marker of cell types, but an activator of B cells and T cells…[and] can function either as a receptor or as an enzyme. As a receptor, CD38 can attach to CD31 on the surface of T cells, thereby activating those cells to produce a variety of cytokines…  The CD38 protein is a marker of cell activation. It has been connected to HIV infection, leukemias, myelomas,[28] solid tumors, type II diabetes mellitus and bone metabolism, as well as some genetically determined conditions. CD38 increases airway contractility hyperresponsiveness, is increased in the lungs of asthmatic patients, and amplifies the inflammatory response of airway smooth muscle of those patients. ”  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

“Without any NAD we’d be dead in thirty seconds”

David Sinclair explains:

“In 2002, antioxidants were all the rage. They might not have been the antiaging and health panaceas some believed them to be, but that wasn’t yet known. One of [those] antioxidants…was resveratrol, a natural molecule that is found in red wine and that many pants produce in times of stress… [Konrad] Howitz and I were fascinated by the fact that resveratrol is produced in greater quantities by grapes…experiencing stress. We aso knew that many other health-promoting molecules, and chemical derivatives of them, are produced in abundance by stressed plants; we get resveratrol from grapes, aspirin from willow bark, metformin form [‘French’] lilacs, epigallocatechin gallate from green tea, quercetin from fruits, and allicin from garlic. This, we believe, is evidence of xenohormesis –the idea that stressed plants produce chemicals for themselves that tell their cells to hunker down and survive… What this means, if it’s true, is that when we search for new drugs from the natural world we should be searching the stressed-out ones; in stressed plants, in stressed fungi, and even in the stressed microbiome populations in our guts. The theory is also relevant to the foods we eat; plants that are stressed have higher concentrations of xenohormetic molecules that may help us… Look for the most highly colored ones because xenohormetic molecules are often yellow, red, orange, or blue. One added benefit: they tend to taste better… –pp130-131, Lifespan

   “As it turned out, resveratrol wasn’t very potent and wasn’t very soluble in the human gut… [But] By studying resveratrol, we also learned that it is possible to activate sirtuins with a chemical. This prompted a flood of research into other sirtuin-activating compounds called STACs that are many times more potent than resveratrol… There are today hundreds of chemicals that have been demonstrated to have an effect on sirtuins…  NAD, sometimes written as NAD+…has an advantage over other STACs because it boosts the activity of all seven [human] sirtuins… And because NAD is used by over five hundred different enzymes, without any NAD, we’d be dead in thirty seconds.” –pp133-134, Lifespan

*

*

*

The Deep COVID Agenda Emerging….

At this point, the NAD subject is going to diverge. I’ll make a sequel about Boosting Your NADs, but for now, I’m going to pursue the questions already arisen from the ‘nanodevice’ proposition above and the extension of work from prior posts; Making and Faking Viruses and the series-in-progress Planting Viruses From Plants! – all linked here  https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2021/02/03/making-and-faking-viruses/

Zombie Apocalypse

Dr. Sinclair advances his explanation of NAD-dependent sirtuins and anti-aging as a measure of how well our bodies eliminate “senescent cells”—old cells that live on past their ‘Hayflick Limit’ or are simply turned off and do not reproduce by division. He writes,

 “Small numbers of senescent cells can cause widespread havoc. Even though they stop dividing, they continue to release tiny proteins called cytokines that cause inflammation and attract immune cells called macrophages that then attack the tissue. Being chronically inflamed is unhealthy: just ask someone with multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, or psoriasis. All these diseases are associated with excess cytokine proteins. Inflammation is also a driving force in heart disease, diabetes and dememtia. It is so central to the development of age-related diseases that scientists often refer to the process as ‘inflammaging.’ And cytokines don’t just cause inflammation: they cause other cells to become zombies, like a biological apocalypse. When this happens, they can even stimulate surrounding cells to become a tumor and spread. We already know that destroying senescent cells in mice can give them substantially healthier and significantly longer lives. (–p150) Cellular senescence is a consequence of our inherited primordial survival circuits which evolved to stop cell division and reproduction when DNA breaks were detected…  [and] if DNA breaks happen too frequently or they overwhelm the circuit, human cells will stop dividing, then sit there in a panic trying to repair the damage, messing up their epigenome and secreting cytokines…  Senescent cells, after all, don’t divide which means that cells with mutations aren’t able to spread and form tumors…

“This is where ‘antagonistic pleiotropy’ comes into play: the idea that a survival mechanism that is good for us when we are young is kept…[in spite of] any problems it might cause when we get older…  So we live longer [now] –and evolution hasn’t had a chance to catch up. We’re plagued by senescent cells, which might as well be radioactive waste. If you put a tiny dab of these cells under a young mouse’s skin, it won’t be long before inflammation spreads and the entire mouse is filled with zombie cells that can cause premature signs [and diseases] of aging.” –pp152-153.

*

*

‘Virus drugs’ and ‘stress chemicals’

Sinclair’s ‘Lifespan’ moves on from zombie cells to ‘telomeres,’ the DNA repeats on the ends of chromosomes that shorten and become exposed and ‘frayed’ over damaging time.

He writes,”The selfish genes…called LINE-1 retrotransposons, and their fossil remnants, make up about half of the human genome, what is often referred to as ‘junk DNA.’ It’s a lot of genetic baggage… In young cells, these ancient ‘mobile DNA elements’ also known as retrotransposons are prevented by chromatin from jumping out of the genome, then breaking DNA to reinsert themselves elsewhere. We and others have shown that LINE-1 genes are bundled up and rendered silent by sirtuins. But as mice age, and possibly as we do as well, these sirtuins become scattered all over the genome, having been recruited away to repair DNA breaks elsewhere, and many of them never find their way home. This loss is exacerbated by a drop in NAD levels… Without sirtuin to spool the chromatin and silence the transposon DNA, cells start to transcribe these endogenous viruses. This is bad. And it only gets worse.”—pp154-155

Endogenous viruses? From your own traveling DNA? Indeed. Finally, a flat and straightforward statement from the ‘lab’.  The ‘viruses’ inside you come from your own disintegrating DNA, the “retrotransposons” we call retroviruses, and were called “jumping genes” by their discoverer Barbara McClintock in the 1920s after examining X-irradiated corn plants. In a continuous flow from the paragraph above, David Sinclair writes:

 “Over time, as the mice age, the once silent LINE-1 prisoners [held by telomeres] are turned into RNA and the RNA is turned [transcribed] into DNA which is reinserted into the genome at a different place. Besides creating genome instability and epigenomic noise that causes inflammation, LINE-1 DNA leaks from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it is recognized as a foreign invader. In response, the cells reease even more immunostimulatory cytokines that cause inflammation throughout the body…  Convincing evidence has come from experiments showing that antiretrovirals, the same kinds used to fight HIV, extend the lifespan of SIRT6 [knockout] mice about twofold. It may turn out that, as NAD levels decline… sirtuins are rendered unable to silence retrotransposon DNA. Perhaps one day, safe antiretroviral drugs or NAD boosters will be used to keep these jumping genes silent… [before] total anarchy ensues…  In 2018, scientists at Stanford University reported that they had developed an inoculation… with stem cells…” –p155

“What if we could reset the aging clock and prevent cells from ever losing their identity and becoming senescent in the first place?… Yes, the solution to aging could be cellular reprogramming, a resetting of the landscape… The DNA blueprint to be young, after all, is always there even when we are old… (–p158). The implications of these experiments are profound. What they show is that aging can be reset.” (–p161) …I  predict, and my students are now showing in the lab, that we can use [genetic]…switches not just to reset our cells in petri dishes but to reset an entire body’s epigenetic landscape…sending sirtuins back to where they came from, for instance. Cells that have lost their identity during aging can be led back to their true selves… We are making progress every week…by delivering reprogramming factors. The pace of discovery is mind spinning.” –164

*

Payload- carrying virus –like your ‘virus’—has long been the treatment of choice and also constitutes the ‘future treatment’ of David Sinclair’s anti-aging cure. During the 1990s, the poliovirus was rigorously experimented with as a delivery vehicle, but often resulted in cancer, cells with lost identity – Oops. It turned out that poliovirus existed on the margin of “error catastrophe,” able and likely to mutate out of existence because of its very small genome: That is, unless the poliovirus is continuously injected. One fork-in-the-road for poliovirus research has been to recreate it from lab chemicals and override its potential genomic instability, accomplished by Eckard Wimmer and published in 2003—at just the time of the appearance of a much larger genome virus, SARS, now taking its own forks. And here’s some ‘news’: The poliovirus is identical to several small plant viruses that might typically pass through your gut and was originally obtained for vaccines from human feces. More news: “plant viruses don’t exist as such” –so, are they better termed as “stress chemicals”?

But really it’s all in the packaging and labels:

“Chromatin is a complex of DNA, protein and RNA found in eukaryotic cells.[1] Its primary function is packaging long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures. This prevents the strands from becoming tangled and also plays important roles in reinforcing the DNA during cell division, preventing DNA damage, and regulating gene expression and DNA replication. During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin facilitates proper segregation of the chromosomes” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

And, yup, it’s NAD+ dependent.

I was taught in nursing school that a ‘pathogen’ was simply a microbe out of place. What’s a ‘microbe’?– just a bunch of molecules that stick together. Don’t be fooled by jargon.

Chromatin is a precious structural element that provides a ‘slinky’-like coil shape to DNA, allowing it to become a spooled ‘coiled coil’. Wikipedia shows two images of chromatin; the twisted “30 nanometer fiber” of a chromatin segment and the stacked tube formation of chromatin fibers that link together.

Stacked chromatin ‘linkers’ looks like this top row. The bottom row shows cross-section ‘discs’

Shape-wise, and shape matters, a chromatin tube is a match for a familiar plant ‘virus’ called Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and its extended family of rod-shaped viruses. TMV is the first discovered virus in viral history (which was then only a fluid extract) and among the most investigated—considered the model ‘type species’ of rod-shape crystals infecting many hundreds of common food plants. It is also the principal ‘stress chemical’ subject in the Planting Viruses series.

   In a novel 1957 experiment by Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat at UCBerkeley, TMV was dissolved and reconstituted under a microscope, producing ‘shorter’ rods –very similar, I think, to shorter telomeres which are markers of aging and associated in this work to a deficiency of NAD. Most interesting perhaps is that commercial niacin, our vitamin B3 ‘supplement,’ was historically and may still be derived from tobacco. Tobacco makes NAD and then NAD’s derivative, niacin, is turned back into NAD when we eat it. See? Is the extract niacin as nutritionally good as the original tobacco NAD+ ? Is it better to just eat tobacco? It’s a good question worth pursuit, and so is asking if chromatin and TMV are the same. If so, the ‘structural’ TMV could be the carrier of life-giving NAD and might supply an answer to the hydrogel fiber phenomenon known in this blog as “TMV-PVP.” The experimental combination of the chromatin-like Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the substance called polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coagulates into a “branched hollow fiber” resembling blood vessels that grow. Back in 2012, I found this substance while looking for possible sources of Morgellon’s extrusions. TMV-doped PVP looks identical to some of the Morgellon’s specimens I’ve seen– written up here (see the blog index) as ‘Morgification.’ To my horror, PVP is used extensively as a filler and food additive. The TMV-PVP combo seems to have a life of its own. An NAD-dependent life.

*

TMV graphic above as both discs and stacked tube, showing the ‘skirt’ of  proteins that decorate the helical core.

*

March 2010 — “Branched hollow fibers are common in nature, but to form artificial fibers with a similar branched hollow structure is still a challenge. We discovered that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) could self-assemble into branched hollow fibers in an aqueous solution after aging the PVP…. Our work suggests that the self-assembly of the PVP molecules in the solution can serve as a general method for directing the formation of branched hollow inorganic fibers. The branched hollow fibers may find potential applications in microfluidics, artificial blood vessel generation, and tissue engineering.” http://europepmc.org/article/PMC/2844465

*

*This ‘search clip’ below, offered at face value, is an indicator of nanomaterials from TMV-PVP

Genetically Improved Monolayer-Forming Tobacco Mosaic Viruses …

http://www.academia.edu › 12687712

“Thus, a precursor solution with a ratio of [PVP]/ composite 30%TMV-His6 mutant (30% His6CP/70% wt CP) [Zn2+]/[TEAOH] = 1:1.3:2.8 and final concentrations of [Zn2+] = are known to bind mono- and divalent metal ions.29 These 11.4 mM, [PVP] = 8.6 mM, and [TEAOH] = 24.3 mM were obtained. “

*

3 images of the same ‘Morgellons’ extrusion over time on the back of a persons upper arm. Is this an artificial NAD-dependent lifeform? The person who suffers this disorder reports chronic and crushing fatigue. These pictures are presented in the program ‘From Chemtrails to Pseudo-life, Part 2, Living in the Manhattan Project’ by Sofia Smallstorm.

https://byebyebluesky.com/sofia-smallstorm-chemtrails-to-pseudo-life-part-2/

*

So, what about ‘viruses’ in general –are they also NAD+dependent ‘lifeforms’ (better termed ‘stress chemicals’) responsible for the crushing fatigue of acute illness like flu and worse?



(Above) ‘rod and sphere’ electron microscope image of H5N1 influenza: We’re unaccustomed to seeing the rod-shape stack tubes of influenza, looking very much like Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Current EM images of viral infections show TMV-like rods all over the place. Most notably,  a small but recent study ‘isolated’ TMV in stool from exclusively breast-fed infants under 4 weeks of age whose parents never handled tobacco but were agricultural workers. Sixteen other “plant viruses” similarly shaped (liked Pepper Mild Mottle Virus, PMMoV) were also found passing the gut of these newborns though they had never tasted anything other than mothers’ milk. Is this proof of conferred maternal immunity or actually proof that the so-called viruses are native particles of the human genome, loaded with NAD energy? Is NAD the ‘power’ of ‘viruses’, for good and ill?

(Above) Electron Micrograph of H7N9 influenza

*

Which, what and where’s the flu virus? Are we really looking at viruses?

“In the same way that genetic information is stored as DNA, epigenetic information is stored in a structure called chromatin. DNA in the cell isn’t flailing around disorganized, it is wrapped around tiny balls of protein called histones. These beads on a string self-assemble to form loops, as when you tidy your garden hose…by looping it into a pile… If you could somehow plug one end of the DNA into a power socket and make the histones flash on and off, a few cells could do you for holiday lights…  Epigenetic information is what orchestrates the assembly of a human newborn made up of 26 billion cells from a single fertilized egg and what allows the genetically identical cells in our bodies to assume thousands of different modalities. If the genome were a computer, the epigenome would be the software.” –p21, Lifespan

“A few recent studies have suggested that the so-called selfish genes we all carry in our genome, called LINE-1 elements, replicate and cause cellular havoc as we get older, accelerating our physical demise… Does it matter whether LINE-1 comes from your parents directly or via a virus?   Would you want to eradicate LINE-1 from humanity or let it grow in your kids and inflict horrible diseases on them? Would you say that LINE-1 causes a disease or not?… Whether it’s a virus, a selfish DNA element, or simply the makeup of our cells that causes these health problems, what’s the difference? The end result is the same.” –p82, ibid.

Genes behaving badly seems to be Dr. Sinclair’s point in Lifespan. Despite the Human Genome Project announcement in 2003 that mapping was complete, he writes, “it really wasn’t. There  were, in fact, huge gaps in the sequence… The parts of the genome that were missing, generally overlapping sections of repetitive nucleotides, were just not considered important. These were areas of the code…once derided as ‘junk DNA’ …[and]disregarded as ‘noncoding.’  From… the best minds in science at the time, those regions were little more than ghosts of genomes past, mostly remnants of dead hitchhiking viruses that had integrated into the genome hundreds of thousands of years ago… Yet by some estimates, that genetic dark matter accounts for as much as 69 percent of the total… [Since 2003, scientists have found thousands more genes, with some tiny ones] as short as 21 base pairs…[but] there’s something we still won’t be able to find. We won’t be able to find an aging gene…because our genes did not evolve to cause aging.” –pp27-28, Lifespan

–Read: “did not evolve to cause aging” or disease because in this mindset aging is disease leading to untimely death.

*

He states: “If the information theory is correct –that aging is caused by overworked epigenetic signalers responding to cellular insult and damage—it doesn’t so much matter where the damage occurs. What matters is that it is being damaged and that sirtuins are rushing all over the place to address that damage, leaving their typical responsibilities and sometimes returning [after repairs] to other places along the genome where they are silencing genes that aren’t supposed to be silenced… It’s not hard to intentionally break DNA [to prove it]… You can do it with chemotherapy. You can do it with X-rays. (p48).

…”[In mice] we’d simply broken the mice’s DNA…and forced the cell to paste, or ‘ligate,’ them back together… Those breaks had induced a sirtuin response…[and] their absence from their normal duties and presence on other parts of the genome altered the ways in which lots of genes were being expressed at the wrong time… The digital code…was the same as it has always been. But the analog machine built to read that code was able to pick up only bits and pieces of the data. (p50).

…”Here’s the vital takeaway: we could age mice without affecting any of the most commonly assumed causes of aging. We hadn’t made their cells mutate. We hadn’t touched their telomeres. We hadn’t messed with their mitochondria…[or] exhausted their stem cells…[A]ll the symptoms of aging…were being caused…by the epigenetic changes that come as a result of DNA damage signals. We hadn’t given the mice all of those ailments. We had given them aging. And if you can give something, you can take it away.” –p52, Lifespan, by David A. Sinclair, 2019, Thorsons/HarperCollins publisher.

***************************************************************************************************

***************************************************************************************************

Wrap-up and Un-wrap-up

*

In this 2021 experiment to create ‘self-sufficient’ engineered cells, mutant E.coli use NAD to generate an ‘alternative’ redox circuit that substitutes the nucleobase cytosine (‘C’, and CTP) for adenine (‘A’, ATP), creating an NCD-dependent circuit, versus an NAD-dependent circuit, which the researchers anticipate as useful in synthetic biology. Their successful conclusion suggests,“This will be amenable to those on-going efforts using non-natural bases and non-natural amino acids to expand our capacity interms of understanding and reprograming life.”

They write: ”To facilitate NCD-linked redox chemistry in vivo, it is essential to realize NCD biosynthesis. In bacteria, nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) adenylyltransferase (NaMNAT) catalyzes the condensation of ATP and NaMN to form nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) (Fig. 1a), which is the key step for de novo NAD biosynthesis16. Conceptually, if the binding pockets of ATP and NaMN of NaMNAT [its analog enzyme] are redesigned to favor cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and NMN [the common vitamin product of NAD used by humans], respectively (Fig. 1b), the engineered enzyme is expected to make NCD following a similar condensation mechanism, and can be designated as NCD synthetase (NcdS). As both CTP and NMN are endogenous metabolites, no auxiliary nutrients are required to synthesize NCD by those NcdS-empowered cells… However, it is intimidating to engineer a two-substrate enzyme for active variants specific with two new substrates. On one hand, simultaneous mutating key residues within two-substrate-binding pockets will lead to large [metabolite] libraries beyond our screening capacity. On the other hand, engineered molecular interactions favoring one substrate may have unanticipated effects on those for the other, and vice versa.”

…and what happens to the organism?

“Again, NCD production led to reduced NAD levels…”

Read it here, April 2021—Nature Magazine

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22357-z

*

*

*

February 3, 2021

Making and Faking Viruses

*

*image of ‘viruses’ in seawater sample

*

This post is a “cut to the chase” about the War Upon You – the uncomplicated version of context—drawn forward from the Big Science coup d’etat of World War Two and our cultural entry into the Nuclear/Space Age. The Big Science of biology and genetics goes from “Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Coronavirus” in my review Planting Viruses, as an intertwining parallel to the high-energy technology that brought nuclear missiles, satellites and global communications to the planet.  Radiation, whatever its source, is a biological weapon outside of the limited compatibility range in which we evolved. Radiation co-factored with chemistry –specifically biochemistry— is the basis of Life as we know it. Radiation and chemicals together makes, unmakes, and remakes the living world. Edward Teller, “father of the hydrogen bomb”, remarked that his weapons would “change mankind’s relationship with the universe”. Despite his own chronic health problems related to his work, Teller maintained that “radiation is good for you.”

The very “fine forces” that hold us together as living beings are electro-chemical bonds (not ‘flesh and blood’ per se) under constant over-riding assault from ‘technology’, be it frequencies, gmo foods, medicines, pollutants and the rest. That said, Planting Viruses is following the trail of documentation from TMV to CoV to show how public attention has been diverted away from the real causes of modern epidemics to the pseudoscientific Germ Theory of disease by way of planting viruses from plants! It’s a big, slow story in need of a Teller, you could say, to give it impact —  but a great deal of the evidence is straightforward at the laboratory level. Scientific “maker” culture reduces all to its smallest irreducible parts and “rebuilds” –  “build back better” as we hear it said today, applied to everything that defines us.  Planting Viruses is just one more Lost Chapter in the theft of our humanity, demonstrated here by the breaking of species barriers. Among the questions raised and addressed is the proposition that ‘universal’ polio vaccines of the 1950s were loaded with plant genes and propagated on substrates bearing plant genes, like Hela cells harboring Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The poliovirus, for all the world, is a plant.

*

Keep this in mind:

“It’s raining viruses, but don’t panic” (published 2018)

https://www.pri.org/stories/2018-03-09/its-raining-viruses-dont-panic

[article excerpt]

“Viruses and the organisms they infect are extremely highly coevolved,” Suttle explains, “and as part of that process, viruses are really, really good at moving genetic information around. In fact, the field of biotechnology originated [with the discovery] that you could use a virus to move genetic information from one organism to another. The original genetic engineering, if you like, was using viruses to actually move genes around among organisms.”

A large percentage of human nucleic acids — our DNA — is actually viruses that are “still stuck in our genome,” Suttle points out. The placenta of mammals contains a protein that was donated by viruses; major components of our nervous system are the result of genetic information donated from viruses. “Viruses are masters at moving genetic information around and, as a result of that, they’ve been absolutely crucial to the evolution of all organisms,” he says. [end except]

*************************************************

“Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity…” (published Dec.2009)

“Rapid progress in DNA synthesis and sequencing is spearheading the deliberate, large-scale genetic alteration of organisms. These new advances in DNA manipulation have been extended to the level of whole-genome synthesis, as evident from the synthesis of poliovirus, from the resurrection of the extinct 1918 strain of influenza virus and of human endogenous retroviruses…”  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20010599/

*

Polioviruses are “Members of the family Picornaviridae (genus Enterovirus) and of the family Secoviridae (genus Comovirus) were the first characterized members of the order and infect vertebrates and plants, respectively. The order also includes viruses infecting invertebrates (families Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae) or algae (family Marnaviridae). Large-scale environmental genomic studies suggest the presence of a large number of uncharacterized picorna-like viruses in the ocean.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000707

“The poliovirus is capable of producing an encephalitis, with or without symptoms, in the absence of any damage to the spinal cord. As far as the pathologist is concerned all cases of polio are encephalitic”.[p21] It’s amazing that something so small can do so much damage…But the poliovirus doesn’t attach to and damage just any cell. It is a ‘guided missile’ that does one thing: seek out, damage, and destroy the neurons that “activate” you –the ones that activate your brain and muscles. The poliovirus is the perfect human “Off switch”… https://polioforever.wordpress.com/post-polio/

The author of those words, Richard L. Bruno in The Polio Paradox, appears to sincerely believe in the vaccine prevention of polio and writes nothing about the radiation and chemical cause of polio-like disease, a newly immanent crisis in the United States as the country emerged from World War II and catapulted into the Nuclear Age. Doctors in the 1940s attempting to ‘isolate’ poliovirus (serum) from polio patients were overwhelmingly unable to find the infectious agents.  The mandate to prevent polio with a ‘cure’ in the era of radioactive fallout seems incentive enough to “plant” a virus and use the vaccine in a new kind of “vaccine diplomacy” among nuclear-armed nations.

* Mahoney Type 1 poliovirus

 

The “wild” Mahoney type 1 poliovirus was collected and filtered into solution “virus” in 1941 by Dr. Thomas Francis of the Rockefeller Hospital. Personal physician to the Rockefeller family, Dr. Francis at the time had been newly set up at the University of Michigan on U.S. Army business in the capacity of  a public health laboratory. The Mahoney sample came from the pooled feces of three Cleveland area siblings who were asymptomatic –healthy!—and became the “type species” (first to be discovered) of the picornaviruses, or “prototype” as Eckard Wimmer noted in his 2002 created-from-scratch documents. The Mahoney strain procured in the lab, it turned out, was the deadliest of the recent polio filtrates. Work on another new polio vaccine, ongoing since the 1930s, however, was delayed;  Thomas Francis and his collaborator Jonas Salk were set on the task of making an influenza vaccine during the war. Clinically observed as sickness, there was no difference between polio and flu, but polio was to retain its distinctively special character as “infantile paralysis”—by then, a political definition of great value. All “influenza-like” disease, we now know, can be produced from exposure to radiation and chemicals.

Down Under in Australia’s city of Melbourne, Frank McFarlane Burnet was set on the same task of making an influenza vaccine for his government in WWII, to which he had also recommended the making of bioweapons in the form of intestinal agents. Burnet favorably selected influenza virus over the poliovirus for influenza’s quality of stability in lab experiments –having a larger genome it was less likely to mutate out of existence as poliovirus would were it not for vaccination and revaccination.

Contemporary  investigations reveal that plant viruses are normal commensals of the human gut, as they should be, able to be collected and reconstituted from newborn, exclusively breast-fed infants. In a very small but significant study, modern observers noted that 17 plant viruses were collected from newborn human feces, including tobacco mosaic virus, the “type species” of the helical rod, filamentous group. None of the parents of these newborns used or worked with tobacco, although it is known that TMV ‘infects’ many hundreds of plant species, including the most valuable food crops and flowers. Tobacco Mosaic Virus is the first virus, the prototypical “filtrate” substance obtained and ‘confirmed’ as a disease agent in 1892.  With this tobacco virus “tool”, I propose to demonstrate how TMV mutants and by-products became the “vaccine” viruses of modern allopathic practice.

*

Eckard Wimmer, the elderly researcher who created poliovirus from scratch: …”My favorite virus is poliovirus… and in 2002 we published a paper that we had recreated the virus from information on the internet and no virus was necessary…. This was an enormous shock…[because] the parent of this virus…was the computer.”

*

“Originally trained as an organic chemist, Wimmer developed a deep understanding and fascination for viruses as replicating (living) biological entities as well as (non-living) aggregates of organic compounds, or, “as chemicals with a life cycle”.[2][3] After working on the structure of tRNAs and the structure of a plant RNA virus (satellite tobacco necrosis virus), Wimmer chose to study poliovirus in 1968. Poliovirus is the cause of the horrific disease poliomyelitis, which can cause irreversible flaccid paralysis and even death. Neither the molecular biology of poliovirus proliferation nor the mechanism of its pathogenesis was understood in the nineteen sixties…  Using the nucleotide sequence of the genome deciphered in 1981, Wimmer followed up on the work published in 1991 by synthesizing chemically the genome in the form of double stranded DNA (“cDNA”), which was then transcribed enzymatically[16] into genome RNA and “booted to life” in the cell free system.[3] This work, published in 2002 by Cello, Paul and Wimmer, was the first test-tube synthesis of an organism in the absence of a natural template achieved outside living cells.[3] The poliovirus synthesis caught global attention, high praise, ridicule and fierce condemnation…” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckard_Wimmer

Wimmer’s company : CODAGENICS, is shopping its corona vaccine

“Starting from only viral sequence data (no physical virus), Codagenix can routinely design, construct, and grow multiple live-attenuated vaccine candidates ready for animal safety and efficacy testing in less than one month, and faster if needed as new outbreak strains are identified… We seek to upend the current approach to making live-attenuated vaccines”… https://codagenix.com/vaccine-programs/pipeline/

*

In reality… “Except for a few cases, viruses are not surrounded by a membrane. If present, the membrane around a virus particle – as seen in electron microscopic images – stems usually from the host cell. Viruses have no energy metabolism of their own. Consequently, they cannot perform syntheses and are thus unable to replicate themselves…  With plant viruses, the term specificity (or host-specificity) has a very narrow meaning, since no plant virus as such exists….” http://www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e35/35.htm

*

“All viruses are good viruses”…”they are solvents”….”[and] the only way [people] can get a swine flu or a bird flu is if [it] is injected in them” –Aajonus Vonderplanitz, PhD

*

From Stefan Lanka: Pathogenic, disease-causing “Viruses Don’t Exist” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU9f3Vc67oE

*

 

 

Planting Viruses is a series-in-progress. So far, part three is currently under construction out of a probable five or six. When I finish it, I’ll be back to this spot to post a summary of each segment.

It starts here:  https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2021/01/15/planting-viruses-from-plants/

*

*

January 21, 2021

Planting Viruses Two

*

*

Have you wondered HOW or WHY a vegetable tests positive for COVID-19?

[search clip]

·  Can Coronavirus Be Transmitted via Fresh Fruits and Vegetables?

http://www.msn.com/en-us/health/nutrition/can-corona…

“Mar 09, 2020 · In fact, a research study from 2013 on coronavirus in strawberries and lettuce found that the virus only survives on produce between four and 10 days”…

********************************************************

The keyword above is “on” the produce as opposed to “in” the produce, suggesting outside contamination of CoV spreading in 2013.  But a case of Tanzanian paw-paw fruit that tested CoV positive last May took the tack of faulty testing, even though goats tested with the same tool were also positive –animals test positive and develop covid, we’re told, just like people—and was accepted.  But fruit?? A coronavirus gene sequence in fruit?– now, that just can’t be allowed.

It’s a wild story.

[search clip]

Faulty coronavirus tests suspected as fruit tests positive

nypost.com/2020/05/06/faulty-coronavirus-kits…

“May 06, 2020 · Coronavirus test kits have aroused suspicions in Salaam, Tanzania after results taken from goats and fruit came back positive in what the country’s leader has dubbed a “technical error.” https://nypost.com/2020/05/06/faulty-coronavirus-kits-suspected-as-goat-and-fruit-test-positive-in-tanzania/

***************************************************

In Part One previously, I posted a 2005 vaccine research document that showed SARS-CoV antigen (the immune ‘provocation’ element) genetically embedded in tomato, tobacco, and potato plants as a plausible food vaccine that was demonstrated to be successful. The scientists wanted to show  “that the plant system provides many practical, economic, and safety advantages compared with conventional systems… without injection-related hazards”…

That was 2005.  Here’s the link again:  https://www.pnas.org/content/102/25/9062

Despite an outcry against it be aware that food vaccines are coming back. Tobacco after all is a food, a “Feed The World” kind of nutrient-dense, protein-rich food source (see the previous post Planting Viruses) that has a lot of appeal over, say, worms and insects. It just isn’t a snack like a tomato or a pawpaw and that’s what’s coming back –the whack in your snack!

[search clip]

·  GMO tomato as edible COVID vaccine? Mexican scientists work …

allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2020/05/gmo…

“May 06, 2020 · The only similar work that can be found in the bibliography is the development of a tomato with SARS-CoV antigens, which was responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Southeast Asian countries in 2002-2003 and has 70 percent genomic similarity to the pathogen behind the current pandemic”…

*

In Part Two, here as you read, we’re going to look back at the small group of researchers who worked with Tobacco Mosaic Virus to discover it’s properties –its structural properties—and how they learned what constitutes “virus,” including the genetic makeup of its proteins, all from architectural models of structure.  Revealed by X-rays, electron microscopes, mathematical algorithms, and cleverly designed cameras –the tech-heavy core of discovery– a simply-derived liquid ‘filtrate’ called “virus” was turned into building blocks of nanotechnology. The Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) today is both a tool and a medium for redesigning biology.

The group, which I’ll call the ‘Structure Group’, has in its members some of the most renown scientists of modern history; Watson & Crick and their Nobel-winning colleague Maurice Wilkins who won their Prize for modeling the structure of DNA; Rosalind Franklin who supplied them with the graphs to prove it; and John Desmond (J.D.) Bernal, the genius who showed them the way. The art and artifice of the Structure Group in London created a cultish destination point of pilgrimage, a Mecca of methods where eager young protein chemists vied for a place. Many of them are still living and teaching today, responsible for the ‘classic’ images of viruses I’ll be showing you in this post.

…Such as…

A Comparison Example: Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV) is one of a half-dozen plant viruses we’ll look at that were analyzed by students of the London Structure Group. It’s identical to a number of human viruses; poliovirus, rhinovirus, Norwalk virus, and more. Dr. Jim Hogle signed his name (with lab colleagues) to the TCV image ‘map’ below. We’ll meet Jim Hogle briefly in this work as a polio researcher at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla CA, a neighbor facility to the (Jonas) Salk Institute and campus of UCSD in northern San Diego.

Turnip Crinkle Virus (TCV), image source https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3zx8

***********************************************************************************************************************

*

and this: Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV), identical and structurally ‘solved’ by the same friendly small group of students under tutelage by the Structure Group                     ****************************************************************************************

*

*And before I change the subject away from food-borne virus, the U.S. government says that Norwalk virus is the most common viral contaminant on fruits and vegetables.

*Norwalk Virus*

Norwalk virus is structurally alike to Turnip Crinkle and Tomato Bushy Stunt viruses, at least by protein analysis methods, which teaches that surface (capsid) proteins of these “macromolecules” can turn, twist inward, and project outward on “protein hinges”, exposing different amino acids (proteins) on their surfaces with or without changing their gene sequences. They can move, in other words, subject to something acting upon them. Mutants, which occur naturally, or deliberately, and easily from very minor or single alterations of chemistry, can signify a gene change as well as a surface protein shape change.

Part Two will also endeavor to define “virus” in a greater context. Tobacco Mosaic Virus was the first ever created with a scientific purpose, credited to Dmitri Ivanofsky, a Russian botanist who was sent to investigate a failing tobacco crop in the Ukraine.  In the late 1880s, Ivanofsky mashed his diseased leaf samples together, added water, and ‘purified’ the liquid through an ultrafine filter. For decades to follow, indiscriminate liquid filtrate from disease specimens has been called “virus”.  If you had a polio vaccine as a child, the viral component was likely to have originated by this method:

Poliovirus: procured as described

“Materials and Methods

“Virus.–The Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus used for this study was obtained from Armstrong (2) September 27, 1950, in the form of an infected mouse brain and cord representing the 379th mouse passage [through the brains of others]. It was passed twice through cotton rats in this laboratory. The second passage material was homogenized to a 20 per cent suspension in distilled water with the aid of a Waring blendor and served as a stock pool”…

Document source: “THE INTRACELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF LANSING POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF INFECTED COTTON RATS* BY CARLTON E. SCHWERDT, I~.D., ANO ARTHUR B. PARDEE, PH.D. (From the Virus Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley) (Received for publication, April 25, 1952)”

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.274.2913&rep=rep1&type=pdf

*

Recent news on Polio, issued August 2013

An article by Scientific American.

“Global eradication of polio has been the ultimate game of Whack-a-Mole for the past decade; when it seems the virus has been beaten into submission in a final refuge, up it pops in a new region. Now, as vanquishing polio worldwide appears again within reach, another insidious threat may be in store from infection sources hidden in plain view. Polio’s latest redoubts are “chronic excreters,” people with compromised immune systems who, having swallowed weakened polioviruses in an oral vaccine as children, generate and shed live viruses from their intestines and upper respiratory tracts for years. Healthy children react to the vaccine by developing antibodies that shut down viral replication, thus gaining immunity to infection. But chronic excreters cannot quite complete that process and instead churn out a steady supply of viruses. The oral vaccine’s weakened viruses can mutate and regain wild polio’s hallmark ability to paralyze the people it infects. After coming into wider awareness in the mid-1990s, the condition shocked researchers.”

https://www.nature.com/news/the-hidden-threat-that-could-prevent-polio-s-global-eradication-1.13557

*

“Watson began working on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which contains a nucleic acid called RNA. He hoped that his studies would help him eventually learn about DNA. Watson began learning how to make X-ray crystallography images in order to try to show that TMV had helically stacked protein”…

http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-doublehelix/chapanal016.html#:~:text=Watson%20began%20working%20on%20tobacco%20mosaic%20virus%20%28TMV%29%2C,to%20show%20that%20TMV%20had%20helically%20stacked%20protein.&gsc.tab=0

“In 1952 he determined the structure of the protein coat surrounding the tobacco mosaic virus but made no dramatic progress with DNA. Suddenly, in the spring of 1953, Watson saw that the essential DNA components—four organic bases—must be linked in definite pairs.” https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Dewey-Watson

***************************************************************************************************************************

Tobacco Mosaic and Polio viruses were the ultimate study objects of the London Structure Group when Rosalind Franklin joined the Birkbeck College Lab (Univ. of London) in 1953 on the invitation of J.D. Bernal.  In those pursuits, thanks to the intrepid networking of Franklin as history records it, an intimate partnership was forged with the University of California Berkeley. Carlton E. Schwerdt, cited above with his polio mouse-brain virus, sent his wife Patsy from San Francisco to Birkbeck carrying a sealed vial of poliovirus crystals in her purse for the exclusive study of the Structure Group. The polio crystals sent by Schwerdt to Birkbeck, however, were the Mahoney strain of poliovirus considered deadly and the cause of the “Cutter Incident” which suspended the original Salk IPV until ‘fixed’.

UCBerkeley, many biology historians will tell you, was the seed-point of modern virology as the academic home of Wendell Stanley who created the Virus Laboratory (Stanley Hall) after his prize-winning accomplishment of crystallizing Tobacco Mosaic Virus (1935), thus opening the way.  Crick & Watson’s ‘DNA’ colleague, physicist Maurice Wilkins, spent his time on the Manhattan Project at the Berkeley Virus Lab with Wendell Stanley– and Stanley became a constant friend and asset to the Group.

For as much as the Manhattan Project was a joint British-American enterprise, the spread and control of tobacco was it’s larger and historical counterpart.  No entity on the planet would possibly benefit more (excepting the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation & co.) if tobacco could ‘Feed the World,’ or feed-and-vaccinate the world, than the British American Tobacco corporation –the BAT in your Covid soup. British American Tobacco is the contractor for DARPA’s tobacco corona vaccine. ( See ‘Tobacco Vaccines, by DARPA )

*

132) Tobacco Vaccines by DARPA
https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2020/09/23/tobacco-vaccines-by-darpa/
*

The Movie, Race For The Double Helix, the 1987 British-made film (originally titled ‘Life Story’), is a mostly fair account of discovering the structure of DNA –with a few omissions. Tobacco Mosaic Virus gets a mention, if you can catch it, when Jim Watson (Jeff Goldblum) says, misleadingly, “maybe I should study Tobacco Mosaic Virus, but it’s not DNA”. Watson did in fact study and attempt TMV crystallography without the needed quality results. What Crick and Watson really needed were Rosalind Franklin’s pictures, photograph #51 to be precise, which she called the ‘B’ form –a diffraction grid pattern showing two helical chains. Franklin’s TMV samples had from one to four internal ‘strand’ helices by her evidence. The photo(s) and notes were stolen from her lab and passed to the men by Max Perutz, Francis Crick’s doctoral supervisor at the Cavendish who was himself supervised for his PhD by J.D. Bernal. By then Bernal had already arranged (since March 1952) for Franklin to leave Cambridge (King’s College, and Cavendish Lab at U. Cambridge) and join him at Birkbeck (U. London, across town) to work on TMV.

Worth the watch:  https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_race_for_the_double_helix

Max Perutz ultimately won his own Nobel Prize standing with Crick & Watson in 1962. (left-to-right; F.Crick, M.Wilkins, John Steinbeck, J.Watson, Max Perutz and John Kendrew)

*

*

*Advisors on the movie included Aaron Klug and John T. Finch who were Rosalind Franklin’s own assistants and doctoral students: the two Structure Group members who remained at the hub of Birkbeck, collaborating together for more than forty years and training students of their own (and others) from around the world. Max Perutz and John Kendrew maintained ties with the Birbeck Structure Group (as did Crick and Watson) winning their Nobel together for the structure of hemoglobin and myoglobin.

*

“ ‘Rosy, of course, did not directly give us her data. For that matter, no one at King’s realized they were in our hands,’ Watson admitted.”  https://medium.com/s/the-matilda-effect/rosalind-franklin-dna-matilda-8c54e6222848

*

Nobel winner Wendell Stanley became “the father of virology”

*** Quote attributed to Francis Crick: “Any child could make a virus”

 ***************************************************************************************************

 The Structure Group, Birkbeck College U.London

l

Lab leaders J.D. Bernal (beg,1937) and Aaron Klug (beg.1958)

*

*
Aaron Klug

*

John Desmond ‘J.D.’ Bernal (b1901-d1971) graduated from Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge (London) in 1922 at the age of 21 with a degree in mathematics. From there he was sponsored at the Royal Society’s Faraday Laboratory by William Henry Bragg to learn the art of crystallography (X-ray diffraction physics) and was set to work for the British government studying the structure of graphite. In 1927, he returned to Cambridge as a lecturer in crystallography and by 1934 was made assistant director of the Cavendish Lab. Bernal began studying organic molecules at the Cavendish; oestrin and cholesterol (1929); vitamin B1 and liquid water (1933); pepsin(1934), vitamin D2 (1935) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus in 1937. His doctoral students included Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, who became his confidant and lover, Alan Mackay and Max Perutz. His nickname in these years became ‘Sage’. Denied a fellowship at the Cavendish in 1937 by Ernest Rutherford, Bernal was invited to Birkbeck, University of London, where he assumed the laboratory developed by Patrick Blackett and moved into the apartment upstairs. He was honored with membership in the Royal Society. After the war, Bernal’s lab expanded to become the Biomolecular Research Laboratory (BRL), set up in two buildings on the University’s Torrington Square, becoming in the process an arm of the British government’s Medical Research Council (MRC). The spirited atmosphere of Birkbeck under Bernal’s influence led to a continuously dynamic interplay of politics and science carried on nightly among students and visitors. Bernal is remembered for his war work (advising heads-of-state and planning for D-Day), his devotion to Soviet communism (which caused ‘distancing’ from his peers in the mid-fifties) and his legacy of books and articles.

“His first adult visit to the USA (his mother was a bilingual English and French speaking American, but he was educated in Ireland and England) was curtailed by the outbreak of World War II in 1939. Post-1945, many of Sage’s visits to the USSR and Eastern Europe (several of whose scientific academies awarded him Membership) and to China and India included both scientific lectures and peace campaigning. He met Khrushchev, Mao Zedong and Nehru, gave a demonstration to Churchill, and participated in committee meetings in the White House, the Kremlin and 10 Downing Street. His experience of less developed countries began with laborious and uncomfortable war-time travel for Mountbatten but thereafter he made many lengthy tours to countries with emerging economies to advise on the development of each nation’s science…   Perhaps Bernal’s greatest scientific contribution was to nurture a clutch of Nobel prizewinners in the development of molecular biology”….  https://www.iucr.org/news/newsletter/volume-15/number-1/book-review

**

                             ***************************************************************************************

Aaron Klug (b1926-d2018), born in Lithuania and raised in South Africa, Klug arrived at Cambridge in 1951 to work on his PhD (rec’d 1953). He went to Birkbeck to study Tobacco Mosaic Virus with Rosalind Franklin, along with John T. Finch. Klug and Finch were key investigators of the plant viruses when the lab ‘took a step’ to poliovirus obtained from UCBerkeley.  A peak moment for their small group was the creation and display of ‘person-sized’ models of TMV and poliovirus made for the 1958 World’s Fair in Brussels Belgium. Rosalind Franklin died in the midst of these preaparations –Klug tookover her work and the operational leadership of the lab. In 1962 he received a teaching fellowship at Cambridge and relocated his academic base with the headquarters of the Medical Research Council, maintaining his ties with Birkbeck, especially in course of Bernal’s deteriorating illness brought on by a series of strokes. In 1969 Krug was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1982 he won a Nobel Prize for advancements in crystallographic electron microscopy. Queen Elizabeth II knighted him in 1988 –this one year after the tele-broadcast of “Race For The Double Helix”– and in 1995 he became President of the Royal Society. In Israel, where he was a frequent visitor, Ben Gurion University named an institution for him in 2013, the Aaron Klug Integrated Center for Biomolecular Structure.

“His certificate of election to [president of] the Royal Society reads:

Mathematical physicist and crystallographer distinguished for his contributions to molecular biology, especially the structure of viruses. Development of a theory of simultaneous temperature and phase changes in steels led him to apply related mathematical methods to the problem of diffusion and chemical reactions of gases in thin layers of haemoglobin solutions and in red blood cells. Then the late Rosalind Franklin introduced him to the x-ray study of tobacco mosaic virus to which he contributed by his application and further development of Cochran and Crick‘s theory of diffraction from helical chain molecules. Klug’s most important work is concerned with the structure of spherical viruses. Together with D. Caspar he developed a general theory of spherical shells built up of a regular array of asymmetric particles. Klug and his collaborators verified the theory by x-ray and electron microscope studies, thereby revealing new and hitherto unsuspected features of virus structure.”  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klug

*

*

Don Casper, who co-developed the “Caspar-Klug” theory of structure was a career collaborator and visitor to the Structure Group.

“Caspar completed his BA in physics from Cornell University in 1950. He joined Yale University from where he earned his PhD in biophysics in 1955.[1] He was supervised by Ernest C. Pollard. His thesis was on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) titled The Radial Structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus. While waiting for his degree he worked under Max Delbrück at the California Institute of Technology as post doctoral student.[5] He worked with James D. Watson, with whom he had close professional association throughout his career. After receiving his PhD, he went to England having been awarded a fellowship at King’s College London under Rosalind Franklin and during 1955–1956 worked with her at Birkbeck College in London. Their meeting was fruitful both personally and professionally. He remained one of Franklin’s closest friends during her brief lifetime. In 1956 he and Franklin published individual but complementary papers in the March 10 issue of Nature, together showing that TMV was a hollow rod, rather than a solid structure as generally believed. They also demonstrated that RNA in TMV was wound along the inner surface of the hollow virus…”  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Caspar

*

“Kenneth Holmes was born in London in 1934… He obtained his B.A. at St. Johns College, Cambridge. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1959 at Birkbeck College London working on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus with Rosalind Franklin (officially supervised by JD Bernal). Tragically, Franklin died during this period and the work was completed with Aaron Klug… After a post-doc (1960-61) at Childrens’ Hospital Boston, with Don Caspar where he also started to work on muscle structure with Carolyn Cohen, he returned to the newly opened Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. Here he developed methods and X-ray optics for the analysis of structures by X-ray fibre diffraction. He worked with Aaron Klug on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus… In 1968 he moved to Heidelberg to open the Department of Biophysics at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research where he remained as director until his retirement in 2003. During this time he completed the structure of tobacco mosaic virus…” https://www.mr.mpg.de/emeritusgruppen/biophysik/holmes/curriculum_vitae#:~:text=After%20a%20post-doc%20%281960-61%29%20at%20Childrens%E2%80%99%20Hospital%20Boston%2C,the%20analysis%20of%20structures%20by%20X-ray%20fibre%20diffraction.

*

Rosalind Franklin and her three assistants (Klug, Holmes, and Finch) were funded by the Agricultural Research Council – Holmes was assigned to work on the structure of TMV for his PhD while Klug and Finch investigated additional plant viruses. In all, they produced 17 papers on TMV. In October 1957, with funding from the U.S. (Public Health Service and NIH) they began the study of poliovirus.

*

John T. Finch –“John’s first project on TYMV [turnip yellow mosaic virus] was technically demanding because of the very large unit cell (700 Å), then the largest that had been studied… Comparing the patterns from the full and empty particles, they showed that the protein coat was likely to have icosahedral symmetry, with the nucleic acid having lower symmetry (4), in accord with earlier suggestions about the symmetry of the coats of small spherical viruses (Crick & Watson 1956). At the time it was not feasible to take the analysis to high resolution by X-ray diffraction, so John later turned to electron microscopy to study TYMV.

…At the Birkbeck lab… Finch’s “second PhD project involved crystals of poliovirus, which were given to Rosalind in 1957 by Drs Schaffer and Schwerdt from Berkeley… [P]olio was still a scourge in the 1950s. However, Sir Lawrence Bragg (FRS 1921), director of the Royal Institution, was very interested in the project and he allowed John to continue to use the X-ray set up there, even though the containment facilities were no better than at Birkbeck. Aaron wrote out a protocol for storing and handling the crystals, which were transferred to the School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, across the road from Birkbeck. John mounted them there and then took them to the Royal Institution for X-raying. Only crystals mounted in [glass] capillaries could be brought into the laboratory, with adequate supplies of neutralizing formaldehyde close by in case of accidents. The members of the group were vaccinated against polio with the newly available Salk vaccine. X-ray exposures were long, sometimes overnight, and, as someone had to be in attendance, John remembered the nighttime Royal Institution as an eerie place…  The study showed that poliovirus was rather similar to the small, spherical plant viruses also being worked on then, but the analysis was not taken any further.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0028

*(Mrs. Carlton Schwerdt, Patsy, hand-carried the crystal poliovirus from San Francisco to London in her purse)

*

Poliovirus was not just “rather similar to the small, spherical plant viruses” –it was identical, and the ‘next generation’ of  protein crystallographers trained under this group and their associates would have to learn it for themselves.

*

Learning about the identical structure of the small (but ‘macromolecule’) plant viruses and poliovirus came as a “surprise” to crystallographer Michael G. Rossmann, who was convinced by his ‘team’ crystallography expert, Roland Rueckert, not to compete with his friend and colleague Jim Hogle studying poliovirus 1 (the Mahoney strain).  The Mahoney strain makes the best crystals, but it is also considered highly virulent, paralyzing 80% of those infected with it. No infections at the laboratories handling the Mahoney strain (in this work) have ever been recorded. The Mahoney type 1 poliovirus was collected in 1941 from the pooled feces of three children of the Mahoney family who were ‘asymptomatic’ during an outbreak in the Cleveland Ohio area.

*

Poliovirus type1 Mahoney strain

Source: http://www.virology.wisc.edu/virusworld/viruslist.php?virus=p1m

*

GRASP (project) computer-generated video of rotating poliovirus1 http://www.virology.wisc.edu/virusworld/viruslist.php?virus=p1m#youtube

More elaborate video of poliovirus1(Mahoney) modeling structure, movement, and antiviral drug ‘entry’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBDKmDS734E&feature=emb_logo

                                                                           *****************************************************************

*During most of the 1970s, Michael Rossmann studied Southern Bean Mosaic Virus, although he was eager to work on a human pathogen. He was persuaded to study human rhinoviruses and picked rhinovirus #14.

*

*Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), with two views*

*

*

Michael Rossmann –‘MR’– gave an Oral History to Sondra Schlesinger –‘SS’– of Washington University St. Louis in February of 1999. Here’s an edited excerpt:

SS. Let’s spend a little more time on southern bean mosaic virus, because that was really the first time you really had a structure to look at.

MR It was the second virus structure.

SS What you said was that it told you more about evolution than about function.

MR It told us about evolution but then when I started to learn the graphics – I spent a half a year studying the graphics – I worked out all the structural relationships …and of course this was published in a paper..[where] I go into great detail about the way the T=3 symmetry works. And the T=3 symmetry doesn’t actually work quite like Caspar and Klug predicted, but it roughly works. There are deviations and what is accurate and what is inaccurate, what is quasi and what is not quasi. I worked all this out for southern bean mosaic virus…

About that time…in 1980 I went to the Strasbourg International Conference of Virology. I had the opportunity to talk with Roland Rueckert . We were not that far away [from] each other in America but we had to go all the way to France to talk and we decided to combine our projects on rhinovirus. Actually, even before, Aaron Klug had shown that poliovirus crystallizes and so I had Sherin Abdel-Meguid, a post doc with me go to Ellie Ehrenfeld’s lab in Salt Lake City to start working on poliovirus. Of course Jim Hogle was working on poliovirus too and so Roland said you really shouldn’t compete like that. Roland was quite right because we had no idea or very little idea that rhino and polio viruses would be so similar.

SS Maybe this is really hindsight but since you had just found that southern bean mosaic virus and tomato bushy stunt virus were similar, it couldn’t have been quite as surprising to expect polio and rhino to be similar.

MR No, No, in fact, when we did solve rhino virus – it is very, very similar to southern bean mosaic virus – the only difference is that southern bean and tomato bushy stunt have 3 identical subunits A, B and C. In the picornaviruses [rhino and polio,ie ] A is VP1, B is VP3 and C is VP2.

SS I would have thought you would have expected rhino and polio to be similar.

MR No. we really didn’t. But something did happen. Our first crystals, not very good, of rhino virus were actually pseudo-isomorphous to Aaron Klug’s crystals of polio. Then we realized, although we could never do much with those crystals, they weren’t very good. Then we realized there would be a relationship, but not before that. Maybe we were just stupid. Maybe you would have realized [it] as a virologist.

SS No, I think it’s hindsight in a sense…

SS In fact, let’s go back to Francis Crick, we all use the example that he and Watson made about viruses being composed of identical subunits. Did that influence your thinking at all?

MR Yes! Definitely. That was the reason why I wanted to study viruses. They are ideal for molecular replacement.

SS Because they are identical?

MR We didn’t know how identical. Lots of people argued with us.

SS So now we’re just about ready to start with rhinovirus. You had chosen them partly because of your discussions with Roland?

MR Yes and he was extremely helpful…

SS How did you choose which rhinovirus to work on?

MR Roland made that decision. He rightly wanted a rhino virus that was easy to propagate that could be propagated in quantity. He looked into what was a good serotype for that and it was rhino 14…

[end excerpt, page 9 on WORD pagination] http://virologyhistory.wustl.edu/rossmann.htm

*

                           *computer model rhinovirus showing receptors* https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/249476/view

                           *model rhinovirus with antibodies attached * https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/249477/view

*

[excerpt2]

MR…Now what we did for rhino virus was to extend from 6 angstroms, where the map was just nothing really to 3.5 angstrom resolution and the map changed from nothing to something which we could interpret very quickly and we must have got to this on some early date in April [1985]. … we printed out the map and we stacked the map – that took all day… I started looking at it in the evening and, before it was too long into the night, I had been able to trace the VP1 chain and there was some helpful data from Roland and Barbara Sherry about mutations which were involved in binding antibodies and these should be on the surface …and I think it was by the end of that 2nd day [which]..was a Tuesday that we had placed all the amino acids of VP1, 2 and 3. VP1 I had done in the evening [before] and then we did VP2 and VP3 the next day. It was a very, very good map… You might have had 30 steps, I’m not quite sure of the exact number, in going from 6 angstroms to 3.5 and at each step you do many cycles and each cycle takes a long time. It was a big computer operation in which we had made a mistake halfway through and had to backtrack. We wasted about 2 weeks in that but I knew when I saw that 3.5 angstrom map that it was an incredibly good map.

SS At that time what was the resolution for southern bean mosaic virus?

MR About 3 angstoms. The other thing which we realized in those two days was that the structure [of rhinovirus 14] was like southern bean mosaic virus, that VP1 corresponded to the A subunit, VP2 to the C subunit and so on- and that was an immediate realization. Actually, Jim Hogle was working on polio at that time at Scripps in La Jolla and I visited him on a number of occasions. He called me just before lunch so I couldn’t go out with the rest of the lab and by the time the lab got back I was still on the phone. One thing I remember very clearly, I was describing to Jim the structure and I was assuming that Jim had realized this would be like tomato bushy stunt and turnip crinkle which he had worked on in Steve Harrison’ lab and suddenly I realized that Jim didn’t understand what I was saying. I said, ‘Jim, this is like tomato bushy stunt and southern bean mosaic virus.’

[end excerpt, p14]

  •                                                                             James M. Hogle

*

**

*

The upshot of Michael Rossmann’s long phone call to Jim Hogle was a decision to help him ‘understand’ and use the rhinovirus model to resolve the structure of poliovirus. A key to this effort was in identifying the ‘canyons’ on the capside surface –the deep depressions which Rossmann figured to be receptor binding sites, where a cell surface and a virus interact. Rossmann’s team also discovered capsid surface mutations where antibodies would not bind to the virus –called escape mutations:

[excerpt3]

MR …we saw that the escape mutations were on the surface. We didn’t have [as] many sequences of rhinoviruses as there were for poliovirus which had just been published. [But we still] saw that these were hypervariable regions and that they were on the surface and were not in the canyon. We didn’t know anything about conservation of residues [the amino acid regularity of sequences that stay the same in replication, from one virus to the next] in the canyon but it immediately suggested why the canyon was there – namely for receptor binding.

SS So you’re saying that the idea of receptor binding came immediately?

MR Yes, within days of the structure… [So] When I wrote the initial draft paper [on rhinovirus], I was looking up all the foot-and-mouth disease virus stuff, all the poliovirus stuff. Unfortunately its my habit that I don’t usually read until afterwards and so I was reading…and it was really a very good education for me at this point.

SS Had the receptor for rhino been identified by then?

MR No, not until 1989…

[cont.]…the polio work now had a lot of help from us because Jim (Hogle) knew what to look for. It was like turnip crinkle virus which Jim had worked on with Steve. He also learned how we had solved it…

SS In the poliovirus work, did they have all these escape mutants?…

MR Oh yes, absolutely, in fact there was a meeting in Philadelphia…in March of 1985 where Philip Minor was and he had escape mutations but he couldn’t organize them [to predict their locations] and [Barbara Sherry] showed him how to do it…

[Inserted by author] When Philip Minor read Michael Rossmann’s oral history he wrote that his ‘data of which there was a substantial pile had well organized long before he met Barbara Sherry at the 1985 Philadelphia meeting… He continued to explain, ‘Polio suffered from its peculiar antigenic properties. Most of the monoclonal antibodies against type 2 and type 3 are against a site which is not normally seen at all in type 1 [the Mahoney strain]. This is hard to believe for such similar viruses and the field fell into a morass of peptides…and immunogenic sites…[which] was seriousy misleading…[and] clearly thought by Michael to have seriously misinterpreted their data…  Philip Minor wrote that he thought that ‘the strange imbalance in immunogenicity in the [polio] virus (which is not seen to the same extent in rhinovirus) has major effects on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of polio and the type specific distribution of disease, and is therefore of absolutely no interest to x-ray crystallographers.’ …..

SS So what were some of the surprises from the rhinovirus work?

MR The biggest surprise which we didn’t expect was that it was like the plant viruses, that animal viruses were like plant viruses. That was a big surprise

[end excerpts at http://virologyhistory.wust.edu/rossmann.htm]

*

Philip D. Minor is head of the UK government National Institute for Biological Standards and Control and advisory member of the WHO

*

In this slideshow presentation, the author introduces plant viruses and states that Four Families out of eleven plant virus families infect plants and animals.

Slideshow https://slideplayer.com/slide/5327863/

*

….continued…..

Planting Viruses Three  https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2021/01/30/planting-viruses-three/

January 15, 2021

Planting Viruses –From Plants!

*

Tobacco plants at harvest time*

*

*How much fakery can you take? What if I told you that since the 1950s, if not before, all the “viruses” promoted as dangerous, deadly, and necessary to vaccinate against actually came from common plants?  –and that all the “pictures” from electron micrographs of these so-called viruses are entities derived from either (1) plant extracts or (2) the harmless natural cell components of living systems? I’m going to post a series of articles as ‘proofs’ that the familiar virus images of the past and present are indeed particles derived from plants –and suggest in particular that one plant, tobacco, is the mother of them all.

*

‘Fake it ‘til you make it’ seems to be a creed of modern times, in science as much as politics and other endeavors.  Keeping Up With The Hoaxes and other staged events has potential for full-time occupation –not how you want to spend your time in this life, I suppose – nor I, so I’ll do my best to make it quick. But I’ve also promised not to skip the “bats, rats, and vats” in these contrivances, especially now as it applies to COVID. The long version will be here, just not today.  Scroll past my “clathrin”  picture example and read about the SARS-CoV positive tomato and tobacco plants fed to mice in 2005 –created by a group of researchers that included a famous medical scientist named Hilary Koprowski, who created polio vaccines in the ‘50s and was implicated in the creation of HIV/AIDS. Poliovirus, if you scroll down to ‘COVID: Going Down With Polio’ is identical to Tobacco Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV) and many other plant viruses. The researcher, Barbara Pearse, who discovered clathrin –my fake virus example– shown below, was married to John Finch and learned her craft under his tutelage. John Finch was a member of Rosalind Franklin’s Virus Structure group, studying Tobacco Mosaic Virus and poliovirus at Birkbeck College London

*

Today, briefly, is one example with some pictures of how to deceive people with “Virus”photo fakery:

*Cells need to eat. They take in nutrients and other materials by “endocytosis”, which is a way of packaging and transporting matter from the outside of a cell membrane to the inside of the cell.  One of these methods that makes a virus-like particle at the cell membrane is called “clathrin-mediated” endocytosis.  It looks like this:

*  Left side image is the formation of a “pit” along the vertically oriented cell membrane which has outer cell receptors clustered along the depression (long fuzzy gray mass in picture 1). The membrane “pits” ( in picture 2) and encloses itself ( in picture3) with the help of “adapter” proteins (Aps) and clathrin particles on the opposing inner side of the membrane. Picture 4 is a newly created ‘vesicle’inside the cell, made by and from the cell, that has swallowed the extracellular particle-containing fluid. Not many electron micrographs are as good as these images, which are excellent.

*

*Here’s “clathrin-mediated” endocytosis illustrated –CCV stands for Clathrin-Coated Vesicle:

*

*

*And here are more clathrin-coated vesicles. There are ‘no viruses’ in these pictures below, but a “virus” in extracellular fluid can be ingested (called invagination) by the same method, which is key to inducing artificial nanobio ‘virus’, carrying drugs and genetic cargo, into the cells.

*

Picture ‘B’ above is a “clathrin cage” showing the structural propensity of clathrin assembly. Clathrin architecture is shown below with its ‘triskelion’ subunit.

 

 

                                 *********************************************************************************************************************************************

*

*

*

2005 SARS-CoV research from Hilary Koprowski (and colleagues)

“Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) S protein production in plants: Development of recombinant vaccine…”

“In view of a recent spread of ..SARS, there is a high demand for production of vaccine to prevent this disease. Recent studies indicate that SARS-coronavirus (CoV) spike protein (S protein) and its truncated fragments are considered the best candidates for generation of the recombinant vaccine. Toward the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine candidate, we have expressed the N-terminal fragment of SARS-CoV S protein (S1) in tomato and low-nicotine tobacco plants. Incorporation of the S1 fragment into plant genomes…was confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR analyses. High levels of expression of recombinant S1 protein were observed in several transgenic [plant] lines by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Plant-derived antigen was evaluated to induce the systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. Mice showed significantly increased levels of SARS-CoV specific IgA after oral ingestion of tomato fruits expressing S1 protein. Sera of mice parenterally primed with tobacco derived S1 protein revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-specific IgG as detected by Western blot and ELISA analysis.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7787023_Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_SARS_S_protein_production_in_plants_Development_of_recombinant_vaccine/citation/download

“parenterally”=

“Of drugs or nutrients, taken or given by any route other than by the alimentary canal. Parenteral routes include the intramuscular and the intravenous.”

**************************************************************************

Virology: Fake Science

by Jim West (please share and cite)

Virology is at the root of much unsupported Medical propaganda with regard to disease causation and vaccination. Due to Medicine’s acknowledged bad reputation, it is unwise to accept medical announcements (press releases) without first running them through a critical gauntlet.

Therefore, proof of virus existence and character should always be required from the claimers of viruses — before going into the related topics, i.e., before going out on the thin limbs, leaves and flowers of a tenuous rootless tree.

This will get you nowhere with a doctor or judge, as they represent authority over science, even if irrational. Nevertheless, virus criticism is essential for an honest conversation, to keep the mind sharp.

Virology: Two Achilles Heels

1) Isolation of viruses is not actually achieved, as it is claimed. Critical examples are poliovirus and HIV.

2) Toxicology is missing. That is, the toxic effects of antibiotics used in virological studies are not discounted. The clinical diagnoses and the epidemiology avoid environmental toxicology.

Going into detail

1) Virus Isolation “Isolation” of viruses has always been broadcasted as a great achievement, because it intuitively conveys a sense of total dominance and understanding of the so-called virus.

Example, poliovirus:

That famous “isolation of poliovirus” in 1909, by Landsteiner and Popper, consisted of the injection of emulsified extract of spinal cord taken from one paralyzed human child into two monkeys. The monkeys became ill, and one died. This illness was interpreted as “polio”, “infection” and by subsequent journalists and scientists, “virus isolation”  …. The term “isolation” is derived from the true success of inorganic chemistry (non-biological chemistry).

Example: H2O can be split into two isolates, i.e., two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, through electrolysis. Endless types of experiments can then be run on each of these isolates to determine their properties, density, weight, etc. Examples: A) Fill a balloon with hydrogen and watch it rise into the sky. It must a low density element. B) These isolates can be reacted with each other again to produce H2O again.  D) The proportions  of H2O can be ascertained. E) They can be reacted individually with metals to form metal oxides and hydrides, e.g., rust was determined to be iron oxide… Clever virologists faked this method and its terminology. They did this by (in practice) redefining the word “isolate” to mean  “mixture”, the opposite of its actual meaning. In practice, “virus isolates” are complex mixtures of biological matter…

[Stefan]Lanka notes the lack of evidence for measles virus. He specifically critiques the work of virologist John F. Enders, PhD. [Article 2015] [Article 2001] [Interview 2018] [Virology details 2/2017, German Language]
Lanka: “The first paper was published in 1954 by Enders et al… Enders… cut down dramatically on the nutrient solution and added cell-destroying antibiotics to the cell culture before introducing the allegedly infected fluid. The subsequent dying of the cells was then misinterpreted as presence and also isolation of the measles virus. No control experiments were performed to exclude the possibility that it was the deprivation of nutrients as well as the antibiotics which led to the cytopathic effects.”

And a few notes from me on the fakery of virus isolation by Enders…  John Enders is also falsely credited for isolating the poliovirus, according to a critical review by journalist Neenyah Ostrom, on the authority of biochemist Howard Urnovitz, PhD. [Ref] “[P]oliovirus was not actually isolated by these investigators, either. They successfully grew “filterable agents,” which they assumed to be poliovirus, in human embryonic tissues.”

Enders’ fame as “The Father of Modern Vaccines” is perhaps due to his tremendous inheritance and elite membership in Yale’s wealthiest secret society. No joke. [Ref]

(read more) https://harvoa-med.blogspot.com/2020/08/viriso.htm

********************************************************************

….thank you Jim!

*

*Genesis 3:22 –“Then the Lord God said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat, and live forever’ ”

*(verse 23)”therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken.”

****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

*Back to the garden:

A Few Words on Tobacco

“ The Old World encountered tobacco at the dawn of the European Age of Exploration. On the morning of October 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus set foot on a small island in the Bahamas. Believing himself to be off the coast of Asia, the Admiral dressed in his best to meet the local inhabitants. The Arawaks offered him some dried leaves as a token of friendship. Those leaves were tobacco. A few days later, a party from Columbus’ ship docked off the coast of Cuba and witnessed local peoples there smoking tobacco…

*

By the end of the 16th century Spain controlled the ‘global’ tobacco trade which was worth its weight in silver well through the next century as the English developed a rival market.

“Probably the most famous Englishman associated with the introduction of tobacco is Sir Walter Raleigh. Settlers rescued from his Roanoke Island expedition in 1586 had picked up the habit of tobacco smoking (or “drinking” as it came to be called). Hariot remarks in his account of 1588 that: ‘We ourselves during the time we were there used to suck it after their [the Native Americans’] manner, as also since our return, and have found many rare and wonderful experiments of the virtues thereof…

“In the spring of 1610, the young John Rolfe arrived at Jamestown, a member of the party which had been delayed by shipwreck on the Bermuda Islands. This new settler observed the Powhatan Indians growing N. rustica. An English pamphlet of the time reported that: ‘The people in the South parts of Virginia esteeme it [tobacco] exceedingly . . . ; they say that God in the creation did first make a woman, then a man, thirdly great maize, or Indian wheat, and fourthly, Tobacco.’  Rolfe, however, was not impressed with the quality of N. rustica…[as] inferior in quality to the fine Spanish weed N. tabacum…  How Rolfe came by fine Trinadad tobacco seed is not known, but he was growing it experimentally by 1612 in Virginia. Rolfe’s agricultural attempt was an unqualified success. By 1614, Ralph Hamor, a secretary of the Colony, reported: ‘. . . Tobacco, whose goodnesse mine own experience and triall induces me to be such, that no country under the Sunne, may, or doth affoord more pleasant, sweet and strong Tobacco, then I have tasted. . . . I doubt not, [we] will make and returne such Tobacco this yeere, that even England shall acknowledge the goodnesse thereof.

…”2,300 pounds of tobacco were exported to the Mother Country in 1615-16. True, this was a paltry amount compared with the over 50,000 pounds imported from Spain in the same period, but it was a start. In 1616, Rolfe visited England with his new wife Pocohontas and presented James I with a pamphlet in which the Virginian modestly revealed tobacco as “the principall commoditie the colony for the present yieldeth”… Little did Rolfe guess how important his tobacco crop would become to the economic survival of Virginia…” https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/tobacco-the-early-history-of-a-new-world-crop.htm

*

As tobacco crops spread among the English colonies of America so did written observations and advice on managing this “demanding” commodity:    …“[In] the world of the eighteenth-century Virginians, [t]obacco touched nearly every aspect of their existence…Indeed, the majority of the planters’ waking hours were spent, as they would have said, in ‘making a crop’. Almost every surviving letterbook from this period contains a detailed description of tobacco production, and even Thomas Jefferson, who never distinguished himself as a successful plantation manager, instructed a European correspondent in the mysteries of cultivating the Virginia staple.” [p41, Tobacco Culture, by T.H.Breen, 1985 Princeton Univ. Press] George Washington failed at tobacco and grew wheat instead. “Tobacco was not like wheat… [It] could never be taken for granted. It dictated a series of tasks…[ throughout the year, wherein] [e]ach step in the annual process required skill, judgement, and luck… [A] French traveler reported that ‘the culture of tobacco is difficult, troublesome, and uncertain’ “[p45, ibid.]

Curiously, the principal judgement of when to harvest ‘ready’ tobacco, depending on the appearance of the plants, fits the categorical descriptions of disease: “…to cut unripe tobacco was folly. Immature leaves heavy with moisture seldom cured properly…[It] had [to have] the ‘right’ appearance. According to Tatham, ‘the tobacco when ripe changes its colour, and looks greyish; the leaf feels thick and if pressed between finger and thumb will easily crack’…Richard Henry Lee, a gentleman who possessed the necessary experience, advised growers to look for ‘spots appearing on the leaf’ ”[p49, Tobacco Culture] Other descriptors include yellowing, wilting and curling.

A more contemporary account from Kona Hawaii states: “The object of curing was to produce a yellowing of the leaf by prolonging the death of the green cells in the leaf. The yellowing was essential. Too short a cure produced a green leaf.” https://konahistorical.org/mailes-meanderings/up-in-smoke-the-rise-and-fall-of-konas-tobacco-industry/   And though we might guess the golden harvest was disease-free, being strict on terms, pictures tell a different story –a natural story—that the “viruses” ubiquitous in tobacco (and other plants) that confer shape, decoration, and color to leaves were desirable in outcomes of commerce.

 

  • TMV-infected tobacco

 

*

Tobacco goodnesse thereof:

“Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is the third of eight B vitamins. Niacin is a term that relates to several chemical forms of vitamin B3. These forms include nicotinamide and nicotinic acid. These names are all based on the research done on tobacco in the 1930s in which vitamin B3 was first isolated in a laboratory while working on the nicotine collected from tobacco leaves. Niacin, like the other B-complex vitamins, plays an important role in energy production in the body. Two forms of vitamin B3, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), are needed by the body to convert protein, fat, and carbohydrates into useable energy. The processing of fats in the body, like those involved in the building of cell membranes and even fat-based hormones (otherwise known as steroid hormones), all require the presence of vitamin B3 to initiate synthesis. Niacin has also been used to lower total blood cholesterol with great success, even though the body actually requires vitamin B3 to produce cholesterol in the liver.Vitamin B3 is also involved in the manufacture of DNA. A link between DNA damage and a deficiency of niacin can be found. It is being researched particularly in terms of the formation of cancer and its possible prevention.  Blood sugar regulation is another benefit of vitamin B3, as it has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of insulin. Although researchers are yet to completely agree on the process by which vitamin b3 does this, they do support the idea that glucose tolerance factor (GTF), of which vitamin B3 is a part of, must be present in the body to help maintain optimal insulin activity.” https://breakingmuscle.com/healthy-eating/the-abcs-of-vitamins-vitamin-b3-niacin

*

Tobacco can Feed the World:

Tobacco “may in time become one of the world’s principal sources of protein for human consumption and livestock feed.” So stated no less an authority than the World Health Organization’s Farm and Agriculture Organization in 1981. . Nevertheless, tobacco as a protein source has received so little publicity over the years that most of us are still largely unaware of it’s potential to feed a hungry world. Protein From Tobacco : Among the protein extracts that were prepared from a variety of green plants and forage crops, those originating from the leaves of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum, according to Wildman, a leading protein chemist, had “properties which make them uniquely desirable as sources of edible leaf protein”. https://www.acsh.org/news/1992/01/01/food-from-tobacco-a-well-kept-secret

*

Feeding the world with tobacco, apparently even when this article was published in 1992, was a nonstarter. The public mind is set against it, they say. We live in a world were a tobacco plant is dangerous and a nuclear plant is safe, and these concepts start really getting mixed up as the history carries forward into the twentieth century –the interlacing history of tobacco, virology, and high-energy nuclear tools –coming back as “Part Two.”

*

One more ‘goodnesse’ you may have heard:

Abstract

“Reports from various countries suggest that tobacco smoking might protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection, since the prevalence of smoking in COVID-19 hospitalized patients is lower than in the respective general population. Apart from nicotine or other chemicals contained in tobacco smoke, we propose that a single-stranded RNA virus that infects tobacco leaves, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), might be implicated in this effect. TMV, though non-pathogenic, is found in smokers’ airways, and stimulates adaptive and innate immunity, with release of specific antibodies and interferons. The latter may have preventive and/or therapeutic effects against COVID-19. If confirmed by epidemiological and interventional studies, this might lead to the use of TMV as an immunological adjuvant against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.”

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32763662/

*

*continue to Part Two, https://jenniferlake.wordpress.com/2021/01/21/planting-viruses-two/

*

January 3, 2021

COVID: Going Down With Polio

 

*

*

COVID-19 vaccinees are going down with polio (tranverse myelitis, Guillain-Barre, AFP paralysis, etc) and its primary form of encephalitis which makes “polio forever” relevant once again. https://www.polioforever.wordpress.com

Today I can say this is the start of polioforever’s last chapter and it all comes down to the simplicity of viral forms –call it Shape Matters Two: The essence of biological currency and the universal foundation of ‘recognition’ from our immune systems and among all creatures. Viruses as we ‘see’ them have three shapes, like primary colors — spheres, rods, and the combined sphere-rod. Everything else is dressing.

*

The primitive nanotechnology of the 20th century called Virology has come of age with Three Master Keys to the Kingdom: bacteriophage (sphere-rod), poliovirus (sphere) and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (rod). Unmasking the keys and dressing them down will tell the story of viruses in our time, from tobacco mosaic virus to coronavirus, or what some of you know from me as “TMV to CoV”. Breaking down and rearranging these biological master keys for useful purposes was called “metabiology” by Jonas Salk, who coined the term and brought the OPV polio vaccine to fruition as we entered the ‘peak fallout’ period of atmospheric nuclear testing. Polio is caused by radiation and chemical toxins.

*

 

Bacteriophage*

 

poliovirus sphere*                                                                                                                                 icosahedron

 

 

*tobacco mosaic virus rod*

*

*************************************************************************************

Poliovirus by other names and other species:

Tobacco Bushy Stunt Virus* TBSV*

                                                                                    TBSV*

*************************************************************************************

Poliovirus electron micrograph

Aggregation of poliovirus*

*************************************************************************************

………………………………………………………….BMV = Brome Mosaic Virus………………….TBSV = Tobacco Bushy Stunr Virus…………….TYMV=Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus

 

 

*************************************************************************************

Cowpea Mosaic Virus*                                                                                          icosahedron, showing pattern of regular pentamer  subunits.

*************************************************************************************

 

…transitional forms*

*************************************************************************************

Human Rhinovirus*

Rhinovirus infections are the chief cause of the common cold. Thrive in the lower temperature of the nose (33oC) They are transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated objects. Figure 15.02: A Rhinovirus. Human rhinovirus 16: Picornaviridae; Rhinovirus; Human rhinovirus A; strain (NA). Hadfield, A.T., Lee, W.M., Zhao, R., Oliveira, M.A., Minor, I., Rueckert, R.R. and Rossmann, M.G. (1997). The refined structure of human rhinovirus 16 at 2.15 A resolution:

 

********************************************************************************************

Norwalk virus*

Cucumber Mosaic Virus,’negative’ image of Norwalk*

*************************************************************************************

Look again at poliovirus*

 

*************************************************************************************

carbon*

*************************************************************************************

*

If you’re uncertain about what you’re really looking at with the virus images (re: the same thing), see the previous posts: ‘Virus: Shape Matters’ and ‘The Nanoflower Shop’ for clarity. After this, a storyline begins about poliovirus and tobacco mosaic virus investigated by a group of researchers who gathered around Rosalind Franklin and J.D. Bernal at Birkbeck College London.  In 1958, this group made two virus models for the Brussels World Exhibition; poliovirus and tobacco mosaic, the subjects of their study.

1958 World’s Fair poliovirus model*

1958 World’s Fair TMV* displayed at Int’l Science Building, Brussels*

 

 

*

The Virus Structure Research Group at Birkbeck College London, under the direction of J.D. Bernal, a communist and transhumanist since the 1920s, included Rosalind Franklin, Aaron Klug, John Finch, Kenneth Holmes and several others; Nobel Laureate Francis Crick, Americans Don Caspar and, by extension, Barry Commoner, the Fraenkel-Conrats, and more. The Birkbeck researchers focused on polivirus and TMV. Crick told the group that ‘any child could make a virus’. In 1958 Crick was invited to become a lifetime staff scientist at the Salk Institute of Biological Studies, then forming in La Jolla near San Diego. His ‘group’ at Birkbeck deferred to him often. Aaron Klug took over leadership of the group after Rosalind Franklin died of ovarian cancer in ‘58 and Crick accepted his honors and appointments in the U.S.

Klug wrote to Crick on Feb.13, 1959:

“Dear Francis,

… I feel it is now appropriate to draw attention to the occurrence of icosahedral symmetry in 5 viruses (although I haven’t mentioned Bea’s result on SBMV). I am now trying to see whether it is possible to classify the ways in which a large virus like Tipula IV might be built up out of subunits, a problem you suggested some time ago. It seems to me that one must start off with…a small virus and then try to make a ‘crystal’ of it, by adding more subunits to try to achieve close packing. In this way…one can arrive at 3 families of icosahedra, namely : truncated icosahedron, small rhomb-icosadodecahedron and snub dodecahedron.”

*

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101584582X213-doc

“Bea’s SBMV” refers to Beatrice A. Singer, the wife of TMV expert Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat, who worked at the University of California Berkeley ‘Rad Lab’ –the famed ‘Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’ (LBNL, and its affiliate Lawrence Livermore) founded by Ernest O. Lawrence. Singer and her husband were jointly working on Tobacco Mosaic Virus mutants and sharing their samples and knowledge.

“Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV) .  The virus of our story is Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), a humble RNA-containing plant virus that infects bean plants in the South of the United States. Neither SMBV nor its relative TBSV were ever as famous as the animal viruses that are fashionable today as human pathogens (for instance, AIDS virus or common cold -rhino virus-). Small…plant viruses like them were easy to obtain…[and] easy to crystallize and consequently they were the objects of a concerted effort to obtain their atomic structure by X-ray diffraction methods with conventional in-house X-ray sources. Viruses had to be constructed from a few identical subunits. [We call them “virus-like particles”, or VLPs, today—JL]. The icosahedral symmetry of small spherical viruses had been proposed by Watson and Crick in the early fifties[1]… they predicted that the virus envelopes would be highly symmetrical, and most likely icosahedral, containing at least twenty copies of the coat protein in the shell, or capsid.  The detailed arrangement of the proteins in the capsid on the surface, and a preliminary classification of icosahedral viruses was presented by Caspar and Klug in their classic 1962 paper [2].”

https://crystaledges.org/the-ballad-of-the-2-8-angstroms-structure-of-sbmv/

*

Southern Bean Mosaic (SBMV)*

 

 

* 1957

…”Electron micrographs showing details of the internal structure of plant virus crystals are presented to demonstrate the values of the procedure. Crystals of purified tobacco ringspot virus and squash mosaic virus and some portions of turnip yellow mosaic virus crystals have been shown to exhibit hexagonal packing…”

 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13416310/

*

At Birkbeck lab, Franklin’s graduate student assistant John Finch’s “second PhD project involved crystals of poliovirus, which were given to Rosalind in 1957 by Drs Schaffer and Schwerdt from Berkeley… The study showed that poliovirus was rather similar to the small, spherical plant viruses also being worked on then, but the analysis was not taken any further.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0028

 

*************************************************************************************

 

*Rosalind Franklin (b1920—d1958) became posthumously famous for failing to be included in the Nobel Prize given to Crick, Watson and Wilkins for discovering the structure of DNA, presumably learned from her crystallography images of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV):

“Although best known for being the British physical chemist whose crucial experimental data enabled James Watson and Frances Crick to solve the structure of DNA as early as 1953, she received no gracious mention from either of them during their Nobel Prize speeches. Indeed, until 1968 when Watson wrote The Double Helix, she had only received vague credit for stimulating their work rather than specific credit for contributing to their original proposal.” https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/franklin-rosalind

 

*

“Tobacco mosaic virus, which causes tobacco leaves to curl and discolor in patches (hence “mosaic”) had been a model for virus studies since the 1880s; it was a simple, stable, and highly infectious organism. Understanding the structure of viruses was the first step in learning how they caused disease. By 1950 it was known that viruses consisted of protein and DNA or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Bernal and Fankuchen had found that TMV was composed of identical protein subunits. James Watson, during his hiatus from DNA modeling in 1952, worked briefly with TMV and established that the protein subunits were arranged in a spiral. Franklin’s challenge was to find out whether the RNA was in the middle of the spiral, like a candle wick, or embedded in the proteins. She was aided in this work by Aaron Klug, then a postdoctoral fellow in theoretical physics and chemistry, and two research assistants, Kenneth Holmes and John Finch. For a time, the team also included Donald Caspar, an American biophysicist. When her Turner and Newall fellowship ended in 1954, Birkbeck arranged three years of support from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for Franklin’s team…

“…1954 also marked Franklin’s first visit to the United States. Invited to the Gordon Conference to give a paper on coal chemistry that summer, she also scraped together funding for visits to virus researchers at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole (where her visit coincided with the 1954 hurricane), Washington University in St. Louis, the University of California in Berkeley, and California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, among others. She made new contacts and renewed older ones, building a network of colleagues whose work complemented and informed her own. She returned home with virus samples and promises of collaboration from leading American scientists such as Wendell Stanley and Barry Commoner…

“[By] the summer of 1956, she was at the top of her profession. She had assembled a fine research team, and their work produced a steady stream of publications. She had established a wide network of research contacts and collaborators, and was invited to meetings everywhere. (Wendell Stanley would later call her “an international courier of good will and scientific information.”) And though she struggled with the ARC over funding (they disapproved of her working on “second hand material” from other labs, among other things) there was a good chance that a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health would provide alternative funding. While in America she was honored with a request from the Royal Institution for models of helical and spherical viruses, for an exhibit in the International Science Hall of the 1958 Brussels World Fair. (The five foot tall models–modified from early versions constructed from ping pong balls and plastic bicycle handlebar grips–were well received.)

…. “Work continued on plant viruses–the team prepared over a dozen papers for publication in 1956-57–and Franklin had also started planning a project examining polio virus. She applied for and received a three year research grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health, ensuring the survival of her research group. In March 1958, the cancer advanced again, and Franklin returned to the hospital. She died on April 16, not quite 38 years old.

“In the obituaries he wrote for the Times and Nature, J. D. Bernal praised her beautifully executed researches, carried out with apparently effortless skill, and her gift for organizing research projects. He noted, “As a scientist Miss Franklin was distinguished by extreme clarity and perfection in everything she undertook. Her photographs are among the most beautiful x-ray photographs of any substance ever taken.” Her life, he concluded, was a perfect example of single-minded devotion to research.”

https://rmp.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/kr/feature/viruses

 

**************************************************************************************

“The nature of the three-dimensional architecture of viruses and the assembly of viral subunits and nucleic acids have been among the central issues in virology over the past fifty years. Sir Aaron Klug (Medical Research Council Laboratory, Cambridge, UK), President of the Royal Society of London, offered his own historical perspective on the resolution of TMV architecture and its implications for virus self-assembly. Klug began working with R. Franklin in 1954, just two years before the first big picture of TMV quaternary structure emerged (Franklin et al., 1956). This picture was based largely on the high-quality x-ray photographs Franklin obtained from her samples of repolymerized, nucleic acid–free TMV particles (Franklin, 1955). Franklin thus confirmed J.D. Watson’s deduction that the rod-shaped virus was helical (Watson, 1954), but she also provided evidence that the helix was hollow rather than solid and that TMV RNA was embedded in the protein helix (Caspar, 1956; Franklin, 1956). Experimental evidence from these studies on TMV provided the basis for F.C. Crick and Watson’s contention that all viruses must be built up symmetrically from identical protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid (Crick and Watson, 1956). The elegant simplicity of this observation prompted the witticism, attributed to Crick, that “Any child could make a virus.” In listening to the participants at the Edinburgh symposium, one could not help but note that TMV research has been a serious playground (pace Max Delbrück) for some of the most formidable structural biologists of the twentieth century.”

http://www.plantcell.org/content/11/3/301

***************************************************************************************

**

*

*

………………………………………………………………………………………………..West Nile Virus*

December 9, 2020

Virus: Shape Matters

*

Structurally observed, researchers say they cannot tell the difference between influenza and coronaviruses.

*

Coronavirus (left) and Influenza virus (right), above

coronavirus*                                                                                                           labeled as a Covid-19 micrograph from China

and influenza*showing ‘rods and spheres’ (below)

It might surprise you to see both rods and spheres in an influenza micrograph, but the phenomenon appears common.

H7N9 (avian) influenza*

H5N1 (avian) influenza*

Matrix of H5N1*

 

Shape matters

“In his penetrating essays, scientist-author Lewis Thomas, discussing parasitism and symbiosis, described the forces that would drive all living matter into one huge ball of protoplasm were it not for recognition mechanisms that kept self and nonself apart. The origins of these recognition mechanisms go far back in evolutionary history, and many in fact, originated as markers for allowing cells to recognize each other to set up symbiotic households. Genetically related sponge colonies that are placed close to each other, for example, will tend to grow toward each other and fuse into one large colony. Unrelated colonies, however, will react in a different way, destroying cells that come in contact and leaving a rejection zone between the colonies. In the plant kingdom, similar types of recognition occur… The nature of these primitive recognition mechanisms has not been completely worked out, but almost certainly involves cell surface molecules that are able to specifically bind and adhere to other molecules on opposing cell surfaces. This simple method of molecular recognition has evolved over time into the very complex system of the immune response, which however, still retains as its essential feature the ability of a protein molecule to recognize and bind specifically to a particular shaped structure on another molecule. Such molecular recognition is the underlying principle involved in the discrimination between self and nonself by the immune response.” –p2, introduction, Immunology, a Short Course (fourth edition, 2000)by E.Benjamini, R.Coico, and G.Sunshine

*

Coronavirus comparisons to structurally identical viruses, both shape and surface spikes, has a few more surprises. And somewhere out there, if I can find it for my post, must be a corona “rod”.

It may look like this*   The small purple spheres are labeled “coronavirus” and the strange ’caterpillars’ are not labeled at all, shown growing on a Vero (African Green monkey) cell. Could those be “coronavirus” rods?

The rods above, by their shape, look like dead ringers for Marburg virus –the hemorrhagic fever called Marburg emerged in August of 1967 among pharmaceutical lab workers in Germany. The virus turned out to be traced to three shipments of African Green monkeys sent from Uganda. Laurie Garrett (our ‘Cassandra of Covid’) wrote about its emergence in The Coming Plague:

(p53) ”In August 1967 three factory workers in Marburg Germany reported in sick, suffering from muscle aches and mild fevers. The three men were employed at Behringwerke AG, the vaccine-producing subsidiary of pharmaceutical giant Hoechst, and though their ailments looked like nothing more than the flu, it was quite unusual for influenza to appear during Germany’s hot summer months. The men were referred to the Marburg University Hospital. The following day the three men became nauseated, their spleens enlarged and were tender to the touch, and their eyes became increasingly bloodshot…  Day by day more workers from the pharmaceutical plant fell ill… By September, twenty-three patients lay in agony in the Marburg University Hospital wards. Some fifty miles away in Frankfurt, six more individuals contracted the same mysterious disease at the German government’s Paul Ehrlich Institute. Four were also workers employed in pharmaceutical research… (p54) At the same time a third outbreak occurred in Belgrade Yugoslavia, involving a veterinarian and his wife. The thirty-one cases struck terror in European research circles….  (p55) By December of 1967 seven of the patients had died. Most succumbed within sixteen days of their first symptoms…  All of the original cases in Germany and Yugoslavia involved men who worked with monkeys. Furthermore, investigators discovered, each of the men had handled animals, or the tissue of animals, from the East African nation of Uganda.  The investigation narrowed when it was learned the monkeys were all of the same species: Cercopithecus aethiops, a type of vervet monkey common throughout Africa…[and] that all the monkeys came from three shipments of wild animals transported from Uganda to Belgrade, then on to Marburg and Frankfurt. When the first shipment of animals arrived in Belgrade, 49 of 99 monkeys were dead… The veterinarian’s autopsies of the dead monkeys revealed that the animals also had suffered massive hemorrhages…  (p56) Microscopic studies revealed that the Marburg virus could be found in two different forms. The first looked like a caterpillar, its long, thin, tubular shape coated with ‘fuzz’. Inside the tube was RNA (ribonucleic acid), the genetic blueprint of the virus. The ‘fuzz’ along the outside of the virus’s protein tube was a constellation of extruding protein receptors the virus used to gain entry into target cells. In its more mature and dangerous form, the viral tube was rolled up into a tight round coil…”  [end excerpt]

This illustrated coronavirus looks like what ‘mature’ Marburg sounds like.

CoV*                                                                RNA “rolled up into a tight round coil”, shaped like  Marburg’s secondary form, spikes and all.

*

Here’s another hemorrhagic fever virus shape-and-spike ringer for CoV and influenza

 

Lassa fever virus*,                                                           ‘emerged’ in January 1969 Nigeria among American hospital missionaries, sixteen months after Marburg.

*

Readers of John M. Barry’s The Great Influenza will remember descriptions of the dying as suffering the  swift and horrible symptoms of hemorrhagic fever—worse than descriptions of Marburg and Lassa in other popular books.  Within 24 hours to 3 days, worst-case victims with maddening pain suffocated without oxygen, their flesh turning blue, black and bloody, and died drowning in their own blood. The 1918 Spanish Flu, for want of a name, never returned and a causal microbe was never found, but no other descriptions fit this ‘flu’ than what we associate today with Ebola when it emerged in Africa in July of 1976.

Ebola looks like Marburg.

Ebola graphic*

Ebola*

 

*I’m going to suggest that Ebola picture ‘A’ above is a pencil drawing of Tobacco Rattle Virus (below) and possibly Tobacco Mosaic Virus and further suggest that these plant viruses were “humanized” into the pathogenic entities on this post: all of them –coronavirus, influenza, Marburg, Lassa, and Ebola.

TRV*

 

*

Ebola-TMV hybrid looks identical to Tobacco Rattle Virus in image ‘c’ provider of EBOV-TMV hybrid:

 Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy.

Wen AM1,

Steinmetz NF2

https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc5068136

*

*

 

Tobacco Mosaic Virus*

Ebola*

The value of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in nanobiotech can hardly be overstated:

“TMV Scaffolds Used to Make Other Nanoparticles

“Nanoparticles are well sought into because of their applications in drug delivery and in other nanotechnologies. The tobacco mosaic virus is a symmetrical rod of repeating subunits of protein stacked on top of each other, which has the ability to be reformed into other nanoparticle shapes. Research into diverse nanoparticle shapes are being looked into to see their potential use in in vivo studies[10]. Research has found that when TMV rods are heated up they can collapse to take on different structures and sizes of spherical nanoparticles. These different sized nanoparticles have the potential to be used in the medical field to find a variety of delivery and imagining agents[10]. The spherical nanoparticles form as a result of heating the TMV to 94 °C for at least ten seconds. The size of the nanoparticles can vary depending on the concentration of the TMV that is in solution at one time[10]. The reported sizes of these spherical nanoparticles are between 50-800 nm in diameter and can range in morphology by changing the temperature and time under heat conditions[10]. For the complete conversion of TMV into the spherical nanoparticles, 125 seconds at 100 °C is required. Shorter times at 100 °C will result in a mix of TMV rods and spheres. Longer times at 100 °C will not change the morphology of the spherical nanoparticles[10]. Further investigation into these different nanoparticle shapes could lead to novel structures that can be used for medical applications in drug delivery that researchers are not yet aware of.”  https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Tobacco_Mosaic_Virus_Uses_In_Pharmaceutical_Research

 

More to come as part 2

October 18, 2020

WTC Since ’73: Nuclear Destruction

  •    
  •                                                                                            

 

The images above date from May 1953 at the first test of an artillery shell nuke fired from a gun at the Nevada Test Site https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/1090226/view

*

Roughly fifty years ago, in 1973, a little book about nuclear proliferation was published that soon became a cornerstone in the debate against the industry’s expansion. Entitled The Curve of Binding Energy, author John McPhee introduced his public to the work and ideas of visionary physicist Ted Taylor, the man who miniaturized warheads into ‘tactical’ nuclear bombs small enough for an individual to carry around like a band instrument.

   “Musing once over a little sliver of metallic U-235 about the size of a stick of chewing gum, Ted Taylor remarked, ‘If ten percent of this were fissioned, it would be enough to knock down the World Trade Center.’ The United States Atomic Energy Commission has set five kilograms of U-235 as the amount at and above which the material is ‘significant’…Five kilograms is an arbitrarily chosen figure… In the frankly bellicose days of the somewhat forgotten past, the term used was not ‘significant’ but ‘strategic’. Unofficially—around the halls and over the water coolers—five kilos is known as ‘the trigger quantity.’ “ –p10, The Curve of Binding Energy

By the early 1970s, knocking down the World Trade Center with unimaginably small quantities of nuclear weapons-grade fuel became the persistent muse of Ted Taylor. ‘The Curve’ begins with Taylor’s WTC statement on page 10 and follows it through at the end of McPhee’s book, where author and subject together went for a ride into downtown Manhattan and ended up making their assessment in person:     “Driving down from Peekskill…we found ourselves on Manhattan’s West Side Highway just at sunset and…seeming to rise right out of the road were the two towers of the World Trade Center, windows blazing… We had been heading for midtown but impulsively kept going, drawn irresistibly toward two of the tallest buildings in the world. We went down the Chambers Street ramp and parked… We looked up the west wall of the nearer tower. From so close, so narrow an angle, there was nothing at the top to arrest the eye, and the building seemed to be some sort of probe touching the earth from the darkness of space. ‘What an artifact that is!’ Taylor said, and he walked to the base and paced it off. We went inside, into a wide, uncolumned lobby. The building was standing on its glass-and-steel walls and on its elevator core. Neither of us had been there before. We got into an elevator…pressed at random…[and] rode upward in silence broken only by…Taylor’s describing where the most effective place for a nuclear bomb would be… ‘The rule of thumb for a nuclear explosion is that it can vaporize its yield in mass,’ he said. ‘This building is about thirteen hundred feet by two hundred by two hundred. That’s about fifty million cubic feet. It’s average density is probably two pounds per cubic foot. That’s a hundred million pounds, or fifty kilotons—give or take a factor of two. Any explosion inside with a yield of, let’s say, a kiloton would vaporize everything for a few tens of feet… Thermal radiation tends to flow in directions where it is unimpeded,’ Taylor was saying. ‘It actually flows. It goes around corners. It could go the length of the building before being converted into shock… I can’t think in detail about this subject, considering what would happen to people, without getting very upset and not wanting to consider it at all,’ Taylor said. ‘And there is a level of simplicity that we have not talked about because it goes over my threshold to do so. A way to make a bomb…so simple that I just don’t want to describe it. I will tell you this: Just to make a crude bomb with an unpredictable yield –but with a better than even chance of knocking this building down—all that is needed is about a dozen kilos of plutonium-oxide powder, high explosives (I don’t want to say how much), and a few things that anyone could buy in a hardware store. An explosion in this building would not be completely effective unless it were placed in the core. Something exploded out here in the [open] office area would be just like a giant shrapnel bomb. You’d get a real sheet of radiation pouring out the windows. You’d have half a fireball, and it would crater down…’   Walking to a window of the eastern wall, he looked across a space of about six hundred feet, past the other Trade Center tower, to a neighboring building at 1 Liberty Plaza. ‘Through free air, a kiloton bomb will send a lethal dose of immediate radiation up to half a mile,’ he went on. ‘Or up to a thousand feet, you’d be killed by projectiles…People in that building over there would get…Gamma rays… Next the neutrons. Then the air shock. Then missiles. Unvaporized concrete would go out of here at the speed of a rifle shot. A steel-and-concrete missile flux would go out…and…include in all maybe a tenth the weight of the building, about five thousand tons.’  He pressed up against the glass and looked far down to the plaza… ‘There’s no question at all that…a half-kiloton bomb on the front steps where we came in [would cause] the building [to] fall into the river.’ We went back to the elevator…” pp163-165, ibid.

*

Freight elevator # 50

“There were 2.1 and 2.3 Richter scale seismic events 14 seconds prior to the collapse of each tower.  There were documented nuclide isotopes following the event.  A nuclear bomb with an “absorbing tamper” can reduce gamma rays and amount of isotopes.  Freight Elevator #50 was the only basement to roof continuous vertical shaft in the building.  Placing a 0.4 kiloton nuke in the floor of this shaft would direct the gamma flash, then shock, then heat wave up the core of the building.  Firewalls around the elevators and stairwells would contain the energy as material was vaporized.  As the core collapsed into the basement crucible, it would pull the exterior wall inside the building footprint.  Seismic data and radioactive isotopes exclude the remote directed energy hypothesis.  The WTC basement remained molten until Dec 2001, excluding thermite or directed energy causes of vaporization.” –Joseph A. Olson, PE

https://www.veteranstoday.com/2019/07/30/joe-olseon-on-9-11-nuclear-unequivocal/

*

*

 

“The Curve of Binding Energy is dense and yet topical; its subject…[in] plan…begins with two parallel story lines, one describing special nuclear materials and the other depicting Ted Taylor’s growth as a physicist and bomb designer. Those lines finally converge when McPhee and Taylor retreat to a Maryland cabin and there pursue, ‘in its many possible forms, the unclassified atomic bomb’,” wrote William L. Howarth, editor of The John McPhee Reader, in 1976. Though a major departure in subject matter from McPhee’s previous writing, The Curve demonstrates a street-smart point of view on the unbridled production and trade in deadly technology.  In addition to heading the government’s effort to build a nuclear-propulsion “starship” called Orion (1957 to 1963) under contract with General Atomic in La Jolla, CA, a division of General Dynamics, Taylor worked on the TRIGA ‘research’ reactors that were dispersed around the world and spent seven years working at Los Alamos.

Taylor’s friend Freeman Dyson said of him, “He was the first man in the world to understand what you can do with three or four kilograms of plutonium, that making bombs is an easy thing to do…”  Taylor mastered the making of lightweight artillery-shell nukes that were later called ‘Bluebirds’ and found among the alleged munitions ‘heist’ weaponry seized by the FBI outside New Orleans in the summer of 1963—on a tip, perhaps, from Lee H. Oswald. At least one of these ‘bluebird’ shells was found in David Ferrie’s apartment at the time of his death in 1967. Nuclear munitions, World Trade centers, and a colorful cast of characters have a long history together. More of that story when Atomic Agent Oswald returns.

  •                                                                                               

For his part, Ted Taylor deeply regretted his role in weapons-making.  Removing the genocidal threat of megaton nukes, in favor of small tactical weapons, seemed like a supportable moral and patriotic choice.  “He said his belief in deterrent postures had eroded to zero. ‘I thought I was doing my part for my country. I thought I was contributing to a permanent state of peace. I no longer feel that way. I wish I hadn’t done it. The whole thing was wrong. Rationalize how you will, the bombs were designed to kill many, many people… If it were possible to wave a wand and make fission impossible –fission of any kind—I would quickly wave the wand. I have a total conviction –now—that nuclear weapons should not be used under any circumstances.  At any time.  Anywhere.  Period.  If I were king…” p332, The John McPhee Reader, by John McPhee and editor W.L. Howarth, 1976

Next Page »

Blog at WordPress.com.